Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) maculatus (Fabricius)

Type location West Africa (Formica maculata, Fabricius, 1782: 491, worker; Mayr, 1862: 654, queen & male; Donisthorpe, 1915a: 221, redescription of the type); Wheeler (1922) reported the location as "in Africa aequinoctali" adding probably Sierra Leone .

The original Fabricius (1793) description is at . Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau (1835: 213) gave a description, this is at . Mayr (1862: 654) gave a further description which is at .

Note: Forel (1891b: 29ff) gave a description, this is at . This, however, was stated as being of C. maculatus liocnemis by Emery (1905d: 30). Forel, for instance, gave the base colour as black rather than dark brown.

Below I give the listing, apparently stemming from Baroni Urbani (1972: 125-127) that appeared in Bolton (1995: 109).

Having read all the original descriptions and attempted reviews, I find that list to be greatly misleading. Thus, I have prepared several linked pages.
First is a clarification of the West African type form maculatus s.s. historic redescription.
To complement that I have a compilation of maculatus s.s. modern specimens
Then, I have attempted to collate, compare and key out  the forms that have clear affinities with the type species. That is on a Varieties catalogue.
I have also separated the forms that appear not to have obvious affinities with the type form Separated forms.

I think it essential to point out that the specimens shown on http://www.antweb.org/description.do?rank=species&name=maculatus&genus=camponotus&project= are almost all NOT Camponotus maculatus s.s., nor even closely related to the type form. An exception that appears to match the type form is shown from Comoros at http://www.antweb.org/specimen.do?name=casent0146442&shot=p1&project=

Listing as in Bolton (1995: 109)

Subspecies:

foveolatus (Stitz, 1925: 125, soldier & worker) from the Philippines;
humilior (Forel, 1902h: 497, soldier & worker; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 116) from Australia;
miserabilis (possibly replaced by proletaria) (Santschi, 1914d: 379, soldier & worker) from Guinea, from Kindia, F. Silvestri);
obfuscatus (Viehmeyer, 1916a: 154, soldier & worker) from Singapore;
strangulatus (Santschi, 1911e: 129, illustrated, soldier, worker & queen) from Madagascar;
subnudus (Emery, 1889b: 51, soldier & worker; Forel, 1913k: 125, queen) from Burma;
sylvaticomaculatus (Dalla Torre, 1893: 241, worker) from Greece;
ugandensis (Santschi, 1923e: 292, worker) from Uganda.

Junior synonyms: = synonymy by Baroni Urbani (1972: 125). Baroni Urbani's multiple synonymization (1972: 123 ff) of the many so-called varieties of maculatus was presented with very few details of his actual study of specimens, although he noted he had seen the specimens in Basel and Parigi, as well as material in London.

atramentarius (Forel, 1904b: 379, worker; Forel, 1910f: 26, queen) and erythraea (Emery, 1920c: 14, soldier) from Ethiopia;
ballioni (Forel, 1904d: 176, worker & queen), boera (Forel, 1910f: 27; Santschi, 1925h: 166, soldier, worker & queen), cognata (Smith, F., 1858b: 35, soldier & worker: Mayr, 1862: 655, queen & male), intonsus (Emery 1905d: 29, footnote, soldier & worker), lacteipennis (Smith F., 1858b: 34, all forms), liocnemis (Emery, 1905d, footnote, soldier & worker; Santschi, 1914e: 38, queen & male) and mathildae (Forel, 1910c: 266, soldier, worker & queen) from South Africa;
cavallus (Santschi, 1911g: 211, soldier, worker & queen) and hieroglyphicus (Santschi, 1917b: 290, soldier, worker & queen) from Angola;
cluisoides (Forel, 1913h: 354, soldier & worker), sarmentus (Emery, 1920c: 14, illustrated, soldier & worker) and semispicatus (Emery, 1920c: 5, worker) from Kenya;
conakryensis (Emery, 1920c: 13, soldier & worker) from Guinea;
flavifemur (Santschi, 1937g: 84, worker & queen) from Tanzania;
flavominor (maculatus st melanocnemis var flavominor, Santschi, 1920i: 4, footnote, worker; Emery, 1925b: 87, soldier & worker) from Benin;
hannae (Santschi, 1919a: 349, illustrated, soldier & worker) and manzer (Forel, 1910e: 452, soldier) from Zimbabwe;
liengmei (Forel, 1894b: 67, soldier & worker; Forel, 1907g: 88, male) from Mozambique;
lividior (Santschi, 1911e; 128, all forms) from Comoro Is.;
lohieri (Emery, 1915g: 22, worker) from Ivory Coast (at Jacqueville, by Lohier);
melanocnemis (H. Pobeguin, in Santschi, 1911c: 368, soldier; Santschi, 1915c: 278, worker: raised to subspecies by Forel, 1915, with its junior synonym schultzei, Forel, 1912j: 179, soldier, worker & male) from Uganda;
nubis (Weber, 1943c: 385, illustrated, soldier & worker) and sudanicus (Weber, 1943c: 385, soldier & worker; synonymy by Baroni Urbani 1972: 125) from Sudan;
radamoides (Forel, 1891b: 213, soldier & worker) from Madagascar;
schereri (Forel, 1911e: 289, worker & queen) from Liberia, at Nebena, by Scherer;
thomensis (Santschi, 1920i: 3, soldier, worker & male) from São Tomé I.;
tuckeri (Santschi, 1932a: 391, soldier, worker & male) from Namibia;
zumpti (Santschi, 1937b: 103, worker) from Cameroun

Unavailable names:;
calceatus (Santschi, 1930b: 76, soldier & worker) and cluis (Forel, 1909b: 67, worker) from Angola;
cataractae (Santschi, 1919b: 239, soldier & worker), contaminatus (Santschi, 1917b: 291, soldier & worker), diffusus (Santschi, 1917b: 292, soldier & worker) and georgei (Santschi, 1923e: 290, illustrated, soldier & worker) from Zimbabwe;
citinus (Santschi, 1930b: 77, footnote, soldier & worker) and pessimus (Wheeler, 1922: 235) from Zaïre;
cognato-maculatus (Forel, 1889: 255; name used in Forel, 1886f: 19, two workers from Kakoma, "Equatorial Africa" (in Congo or Kenya?) but in 1889 specimens were from Cycads in Greece!
hansingi (Forel, 1910e: 452, soldier) from Mozambique (also South Africa);
importunoides (Forel, 1914d: 249, soldier & worker) from South Africa;
incommoda (Forel, 1914d: 250, worker) from South Africa;
madecassa (Emery, 1905d: 30, footnote, worker) from Madagascar.