42        MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

Catalogue of the Hymenopterous Insects collected at Sarawak,
Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R.
Wallace. By Frederick Smith, Assistant in the Zoological
Department in the British Museum. Communicated by
W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S.

[Read June 16th, 1857.]

Fam. ANDRENIDAE, Leach,.

Gen. Halictus, Latr.

1.  Halictus ceratinus. H. niger; alis hyalinis; abdomine clavato.
Male. Length 31/2 lines. Black: the head closely and finely punctured;

antennae as long as the thorax, the flagellum obscurely testaceous
beneath; the face covered with griseous pubescence; the mandibles
ferruginous at their apex. Thorax closely punctured; the wings hyaline
and iridescent, their apex slightly clouded; the nervures and tegulae
testaceous; the legs rufo-testaceous, the tarsi paler, and covered with
pale glittering pubescence. Abdomen clavate; the apical margins
of the segments with fasciae of short white pubescence, frequently
more or less obliterated; shining and delicately punctured; beneath,
the apex of the third segment, and the fourth, entirely clothed with
very short whitish pubescence; the abdomen is of a dark rufo-testaceous
hue, palest beneath, varying in different individuals.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

This remarkable form of Halictus occurs at Sierra Leone. I have de-
scribed a species from that locality, the " H. clavatus;" it is a smaller
and very distinct species from H. ceratinus; in this species the first re-
current nervure is received in the middle of the second submarginal cell.

2.  Halictus vagans. H. ater, cinereo-pubeseens; abdomine nitido,
segmentis intermediis basi fascia albis.

Female. Length 4 1/2 lines. Black: the clypeus produced, the face covered
with cinereous pubescence. Thorax closely punctured above; the
mesothorax thinly covered with short erect pale pubescence; the post-
scutellum with a dense short downy pubescence; the metathorax
truncated, and having some irregular coarse striae at the base above;
the wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures and tegulae testaceous;
the legs with a short yellowish-white downy pubescence. Abdomen
delicately punctured, the basal margin of the second and two following
segments with a fascia of short yellowish-white pubescence, the apical
segment covered with similar pubescence.

This species bears a very striking resemblance to the Halictus leucozonius
of Europe.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                             43

3. Halictus basalis. H. niger; alis hyalinis; abdomine clavato, basi
ferrugineo.

Male. Length 3 lines. Black : the antennae nearly as long as the
thorax, the flagellum fulvous beneath; the face covered with a dense
griseous pubescence; the mandibles rufo-piceous. Thorax thinly
clothed with pale pubescence; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the
nervures pale testaceous; the tibiae and tarsi pale rufo-testaceous, the
latter palest. Abdomen clavate, shining and finely punctured; the
first segment and the apical margin of the second, ferruginous; the
second and following segments with fasciae of pale pubescence.

Hab. Singapore.

This conspicuous insect might be mistaken at first sight for a variety of
"H. ceratinus," but in that species the apical margin of the fifth
segment of the abdomen, beneath, is straight, or very slightly emar-
ginate at the sides; in the present species it is deeply emarginate its
entire width.

Gen. Nomia, Latr.

1.   Nomia apicalis. N. nigra, punctata; abdomine nitido, scutello
bituberculato; alis apice nigris.

Male. Length 5 lines. Black: the head with scattered cinereous
pubescence, dense and short on the sides of the face; the clypeus
with a longitudinal impression ; somewhat swollen on each side; the
flagellum testaceous beneath. Thorax closely punctured, subopake;
a line of pale pubescence beneath the scutellum, which is bituberculate;
the tegulae yellowish; the wings hyaline, the nervures testaceous, the
costal nervure dark brown; the apex of the anterior wings with a large
dark fuscous cloud; the legs with a glittering cinereous pubescence;
the posterior tibiae curved, and dilated at their apex. Abdomen
shining and punctured, the apical margins of the segments depressed,
the apical half of the depressions impunctate.

Hab. Singapore.

2.   Nomia iridescens, Westw. MS. N. nigra; capite thoraceque
punctatis subopacis; faciei pube grisea; pedibus nigris; abdomine
fasciis tribus caeruleis; alis hyalinis.

Female. Length 4 lines. Black: very closely and finely punctured;
the head and thorax with a griseous pubescence, most dense on the
face and sides of the metathorax ; the clypeus with a central longitu-
dinal carina; the mandibles obscurely ferruginous at the apex; a
white line on the posterior margin of the prothorax, which passes on
to and surrounds the tubercles; the scutellum bordered with a line of
very short white pubescence; the tegulae pale testaceous; the wings
fulvo-hyaline, with the nervures pale ferruginous; the legs clothed
with a mixture of dark brown and griseous pubescence, that on the
posterior tibiae within, and on all the tarsi beneath, fulvous; the claw-

4*

41 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

joint of the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen shining, with an obscure
violet tinge in certain lights; the apical margins of the second, third
and fourth segments with a fascia of bright green or blue-green; be-
neath, thickly and coarsely punctured.
Hab. Malacca, India.

3. Nomia elegans. N. nigra; capite thoraceque punctatis subopacis;
alis hyalinis; pedibus subferrugineis; abdomine fasciis caeruleo-viridi-
bus pulchriter ornatus.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black: the head closely and finely punc-
tured, the clypeus coarsely so, with a central longitudinal depression,
subtuberculate on each side; the labrum and mandibles ferruginous,
the latter black at their tips; the scape in front, and the apical joints
of the flagellum beneath, yellowish. Thorax: shining, with very deli-
cate shallow punctures; a transverse band of pale pubescence at the
apical margin of the scutellum ; the base of the metathorax with a deep
depression which is crossed by a series of short striae; the sides of
the metathorax with a dense pale fulvous pubescence; the legs pale
rufo-testaceous, and covered with short glittering pale pubescence;
wings subhyaline and iridescent; the nervures testaceous, the costal
nervure and the stigma dark fuscous; the apex of the anterior wings
slightly clouded. Abdomen smooth and shining, the apical margins
of the segments with narrow, vivid blue-green fasciae.

Hab. Malacca.

Most closely resembling the " Nomia crassipes [[queen]] ," but that insect has
the abdomen punctured, and the fasciae broad, particularly at the
apex of the abdomen.

Subfam. Andrenoides.

Gen. Ctenoplectra, Smith.

Head transverse : antennae inserted in the middle of the face, short, not
reaching to the middle of the thorax; the basal joint of the flagellum
not narrowed at the base; the second joint of the same length as the
first, much narrowed at the base; the three following joints trans-
verse and of equal length, the five apical ones rather longer, of
equal length, the apex of the apical joint pointed; the labrum
transverse, the anterior margin rounded; the mentum rather longer
than the labium, the former acute at its apex, the latter blunt or
rounded; the labial palpi 4-jointed, the two basal joints stout and of
equal length, the two apical ones shorter and much more slender; the
paraglossae about the same length as the palpi; the maxillary palpi
6-jointed, the three basal joints stout and of equal length, the three
apical joints much more slender, and each in succession shorter than
the preceding; the ocelli placed in a curve on the vertex. Thorax :
large and ovate; the anterior wings with one marginal and two sub-

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                 45

marginal cells, the second receiving both the recurrent nervures; legs
with the femora broad and compressed; the calcaria at the apex of
the intermediate tibiae stout, acute, and bent at the apex, its hinder
margin toothed like a fine comb; the inner spine of the posterior cal-
caria toothed in a similar manner, the teeth much longer, those at the
base of the spine longest, decreasing in length to the apex; the pos-
terior tibiae and basal joint of the tarsi densely covered with long hair;
the claws of the tarsi bifid. Abdomen subovate, truncated at the base.

This is a very remarkable genus of Bees: it appears to be most nearly
allied to the genus Macropis; the neuration of the anterior wings is
very similar, and the labial and maxillary palpi consist of the same
number of joints; the ocelli are placed in a curve, and the posterior
legs have a dense clothing or pollen-brush as in that genus.

The beautiful comb with which the posterior tibiae are furnished is doubt-
less for the purpose of removing the grains of pollen collected on the
hairs which clothe the shanks. (Plate I. details.)

1. Ctenoplectra chalybea. C. capite thoraceque nigris, abdomi-
neque chalybeo, pedibus posterioribus dense pilosis.

Female. Length 6 lines. Head and thorax black: the head closely
punctured; the clypeus shining, the punctures more scattered, and
with a slight carina in the middle of its base ; the scape in front, and
the flagellum beneath, rufo-piceous; the mandibles ferruginous at
their apex. Thorax opake-black : the metathorax smooth and shining
in the middle of its base, the sides covered with sooty-black pu-
bescence ; wings fuscous, palest at their apical margins; the posterior
tibiae and basal joint of the tarsi densely covered with long black
pubescence, the inner pectinated calcar pale testaceous-yellow. Ab-
domen : steel-blue above, black beneath.

Hab. Malacca (Mount Ophir).

Subfam. Dasygastrae.
Gen. Megachile, Latr.

1.  Megachile atrata, Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. 1. p. 182.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak); Philippine Islands.

2.   Megachile ornata, Smith, Cat. Hym. 1. p. 183.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak) ; India.

3.  Megachile umbripennis, Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. 1. p. 175.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak) and Nepaul.

4.  Megachile amputata. M. nigra; capite thoraceque pube fulva
vestitis; abdominis segmentis apicalibus fulvo marginatis; pedibus
rufis.

Female. Length 7 lines. Black: the head and thorax clothed above
with fulvous pubescence, on the cheeks and thorax beneath it is

46 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

slightly griseous; the clypeus shining and punctured, with a longitu-
dinal carina in the middle, thinly covered with pubescence; the fla-
gellum fulvous beneath. Thorax : the tegulae and legs ferruginous;
the wings fusco-hyaline, the nervures fusco-ferruginous, brightest
towards the base of the wings. Abdomen : the two basal segments
clothed with fulvous pubescence, the four apical segments with black;
all the segments with a fascia of short fulvous pubescence on their
apical margins; beneath, the three basal segments thinly clothed
with pale fulvous pubescence, the three apical ones with black.

Allied to, but very distinct from, the Anthophora rufipes of Fabricius.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

5.   Megachile tuberculata. M. nigra; capite thoraceque punctatis,
mandibulis fortibus et porrectis; clypeo tuberculato; alis fulvo-
hyalinis ; abdomine totius nigro.

Female. Length 10 lines. Black : clothed with black pubescence on
the vertex and disk of the thorax, on the abdomen above it is sparing;
the clypeus produced in the middle, forming a large prominent
tubercle; the mandibles long, very stout and prominent, with a stout
bluntish tooth on their inner margin near their base, and having three
large teeth at their apex, the apical one acute. The outer margin of
the tegulae ferruginous; the wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferru-
ginous, their apical margins with a fuscous border. Abdomen: the
basal segment densely clothed with sooty-black pubescence ; beneath,
densely clothed with black pubescence.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

6.   Megachile architecta. M. nigra, nitida et punctata; abdomine
pube laete fulva subtus vestito ; alis subhyalinis apice nebulosis.

Female. Length 6 lines. Black, shining and punctured: the face,
cheeks and thorax beneath, thinly clothed with griseous pubescence,
the sides of the metathorax densely so ; the wings subhyaline, with a
fuscous cloud at the apex of the superior pair; the posterior femora
and tibiae with a short fine cinereous pubescence, that on all the tarsi
beneath, fulvous. Abdomen subovate and curving upwards, each seg-
ment with a deeply impressed transverse line; beneath, densely clothed
with long bright fulvous pubescence.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

7.  Megachile luctuosa. M. nigra opaca; alis hyalinis; abdomine
subtus fulvo; apice pube grisea vestito.

Female. Length 6 lines. Opake-black : very closely punctured; the
wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures black; the base of the
metathorax with fuscous pubescence, the sides as well as the thorax
beneath with griseous ; the apical margins of the second, third and
fourth segments with narrow fascia; of whitish pubescence, the two
former widely interrupted; the fifth and sixth densely covered

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                            47

with short, whitish pubescence; beneath, clothed with fulvous pu-
bescence.
Hab. Singapore.

8. Megachile rotundiceps. M. nigra opaca; alis fulvo-hyalinis,
nervuris ferrugineis; abdomine subtus fulgido-argentato vestito.

Female. Length 6 lines. Opake-black : very closely and rather finely
punctured; the labrum fringed with ferruginous pubescence; the
head nearly orbicular. Thorax: the metathorax clothed with pale
fulvous pubescence; the wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures and tegulae
pale ferruginous. Abdomen with a little fulvous pubescence at the
base; beneath, clothed with glittering silvery pubescence.

Hab. Malacca (Mount Ophir).

Subfam. Scopulipedes.
Gen. Ceratina, Latr.

1.  Ceratina hieroglyphica, Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. 2. p. 226.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

2.   Ceratina flavopicta. C. atra; capite thoraceque flavo-pictis;
abdomine fasciisque flavis.

Male. Length 4 lines. Black : the face, inner orbits of the eyes, clypeus,
labrum, mandibles, cheeks, scape, and a minute spot above the eyes,
yellow. Thorax : the prothorax, two longitudinal lines on the disk of
the mesothorax, an epaulet over the tegulae, a line on each side of the
metathorax, a spot beneath the wings, the tubercles and legs, yellow;
the coxae and base of the femora slightly rufo-piceous; the wings
subhyaline, the nervures ferruginous. Abdomen: the basal and
apical segments, and the apical margins of the other segments,
yellow; the entire insect is shining and the abdomen delicately
punctured.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

This species is closely allied to the Ceratina hieroglyphica from India,
but is abundantly distinct.

Gen. Xylocopa, Latr.

1.  Xylocopa latipes.

Apis latipes, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ins. ii. p. 98.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak), India, Singapore, Ceylon, Philippine Islands,
China.

2.  Xylocopa collaris, St. Farg. Hym. ii. p. 189.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak), India, Sumatra, Bengal, Malacca.

3.  Xylocopa aestuans.

Apis aestuans, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 961 [queen]].
Hab. Singapore, India.

48 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

4.  Xylocopa verticalis, St. Farg. Hym. ii. p. 195 [[male]] .
This species I believe to be the male of X. aestuans.
Hab. Singapore, India.

5.  Xylocopa caerulea, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 345.
Hab. Singapore, Java, East India, China.

6.   Xylocopa Dejeanii. St. Farg. Hym. ii. p. 209.
Hab. Borneo, Java.

This I have little doubt is the male of X. collaris: I have on several
occasions observed that they have been captured at the same time and
place.

7.   Xylocopa dissimilis, St. Farg. Hym. ii. p. 180 [[queen]] .
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak), China, Madras.

8.  XYLOCOPA insularis. X. nigra; capite thoraceque pube rufo-
fusca tectis; alis nigro-fuscis iridescentibus, apice acuminatis; oculis
magnis, vertice fere connexis.

Male. Length 11 lines. Black: the head and thorax densely clothed
with short rufo-fulvous pubescence; the eyes very large and approxi-
mating at the vertex; the anterior legs fringed with long black
pubescence behind; the intermediate and posterior legs with black
pubescence, very long on the posterior tarsi; the disk of the thorax
very smooth and shining; the anterior wings pointed at their apex;
the wings brown, with a violet and coppery iridescence; the pos-
terior margins palest; the transverse nervure which separates the first
and second submarginal cells, obliterated. Abdomen punctured;
the basal and lateral margins with a thick fringe of black pubescence,
the apical margins of the segments depressed and slightly rufo-
piceous.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

Gen. Anthophora, Latr.

1.  Anthophora zonata.

Apis zonata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 955.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

2.  Anthophora insularis. A. nigra, pube fulva vestita, faciei pube
grisea.

Female. Length 7 lines. Black : the face, cheeks and thorax beneath
clothed with griseous pubescence, that on the thorax above and on
the abdomen is fulvous; the fifth segment of the abdomen with a
mixture of black hairs; the legs have a fulvous pubescence outside;
within it is black, it is also black at the apex of the plantae of the
posterior legs. The mandibles, labrum, anterior margin of the clypeus
and a narrow central longitudinal line, a minute spot above the clypeus,

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                  49

and the flagellum beneath, yellow; the tegulae yellow, the wings

fulvo-hyaline.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).
This species closely resembles both the A. vestita and the A. concinna,

but is on comparison very distinct.

Subfam. Sociales.
Gen. Apis, Linn.

1.  Apis dorsata, Fabr. Syst. Pies. p. 370.
Hab. India, Borneo (Sarawak), Malacca.

2.   Apis Indica, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 370.
Hab. India, Malacca, Borneo.

3.  Apis Perrottetii, Guér. Icon. Règ. Anim. Ins. p. 461.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). India.

The specimens from Sarawak are of a paler colour than those described
by Guérin, but they agree in all the essential specific characteristics,
and have the bands of pale pubescence at the base of the segments, as
in A. Perrottetii; these bands, if the abdomen retracts after death,
are hidden beneath the apical margins of the preceding segments.

4.  Apis andreniformis. A. nigra laevis nitida; alis hyalinis; abdo-
mine fasciis albis pubescentibus ornato.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Black : smooth and shining, slightly pilose;
the face with a short cinereous pubescence; the metathorax, the
coxae and femora beneath with whitish pubescence; the wings hya-
line and iridescent ; the basal margin of the second segment of the
abdomen slightly rufo-piceous ; the basal margins of the third, fourth,
fifth and sixth segments with bands of white pubescence; beneath,
the three basal segments of the abdomen pale testaceous in the
middle.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

This remarkable Honey-Bee has exactly the appearance of an Andrena;
it does not appear to be a worn specimen; the wings are not torn, and
the abdominal bands entire; the eyes are pubescent, but less con-
spicuously so than in any species I have previously seen.

5.   Apis testacea. A. capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine pedibusque
pallide testaceis, alis hyalinis.

Worker. Length 8 lines. Head dark fuscous; the ocelli shining,
yellow; the extreme base of the scape and the tips of the mandibles,
as well as the tongue, of a reddish-yellow; the head covered with
rufo-fuscous pubescence, that on the cheeks palest. Thorax fuscous
anteriorly, the metathorax, tegulae and legs pale rufo-testaceous ; the
thorax and legs with a pale yellowish-white pubescence, intermixed

50 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

with a few fuscous hairs on the disk of the mesothorax; the wings
hyaline, with the nervures pale testaceous. Abdomen: pale testaceous
and densely clothed with short yellowish-white pubescence.

Hab. Borneo.

A very distinct species from any hitherto described: its densely pubescent
body is a distinguishing characteristic.

Genus Trigona, Jurine.

1. Trigona ventralis. T. nigra; abdomine nigro-piceo; segmento
basali supra, abdomine subtus albis.

Worker. Length 1 2/3 line. Head and thorax black; the extreme base
of the scape, and the flagellum rufo-fuscous; the tips of the mandibles
ferruginous; the clypeus and lower part of the face with a cinereous
pile. Thorax: narrower than the head; the mesothorax margined
with short whitish pubescence, the outer margin of the tegulae rufo-
piceous; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures dark ferru-
ginous; the apical joints of the tarsi pale; the posterior tibiae broadly
expanded towards their apex, their upper margin thinly fringed
with pale hairs, the basal joint of the tarsi clothed with golden
pubescence within. Abdomen dark rufo-piceous; the basal segment
white, beneath entirely so.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). Malacca (Mount Ophir).

2.  Trigona atripes. T. flavescenti-rufa; alia dimidio basali fuscis,
apicali lacteis, tibiis tarsisque intermediis et posticis nigris.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Pale reddish-yellow; the flagellum fuscous
above; wings reddish-brown, with their apex beyond the stigma
milky-white ; the intermediate and posterior tibiae and tarsi black,
the apical joints of their tarsi ferruginous ; the anterior legs entirely
reddish-yellow ; the scutellum fringed with fuscous hairs.

Hab. Malacca (Mount Ophir).

3.  Trigona thoracica. T. nigra; thorace obscure ferrugineo, alis
flavo-hyalinis, abdomine basi pallide testaceo.

Worker. Length 3 1/2 lines. Black : the scape of the antennae at the
base, the clypeus and mandibles at their base, ferruginous. Thorax:
obscurely ferruginous, the legs more or less ferruginous towards their
base; the wings flavo-hyaline. Abdomen smooth and shining, pale
testaceous at the base.

Hab. Singapore.

4.  Trigona nitidiventris. T. nigra; alis subhyalinis, coxis et
unguibus pallide ferrugineis ; abdomine supra nitido, nigro, subtus
pallide testaceo.

Worker. Length 3 1/2 lines. Black: the extreme base of the scape
ferruginous; the wings subhyaline and iridescent, slightly fuscous
towards their base, the nervures testaceous; the margins of the thorax

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                 51

and the scutellum with ochraceous pubescence; the coxae and claw-
joint of the tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen shining black, its extreme
base, and beneath entirely, pale testaceous.
Hab. Malacca (Mount Ophir).

5.  Trigona laeviceps. T. nigra; capite-laevi et nitido, antice pube
cinerea tecto; thorace nitido, alis subhyalinis, abdomine castaneo-
rufo.

Worker. Length 1 1/2 line. Head and thorax black: the face, above
the insertion of the antennae, smooth and shining ; the antennae rufo-
testaceous; the clypeus with a hoary pubescence; its anterior margin,
and also the mandibles, ferruginous. Thorax smooth and shining, the
metathorax highly polished; the wings subhyaline and iridescent, the
stigma and nervures ferruginous. Abdomen ferruginous, smooth
and shining.

Hab. Singapore.

6.  Trigona apicalis. T. nigra; clypeo antennisque ferrugineis, parte
dimidia basali alarum fusca, apice hyalino.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Head and thorax black; the abdomen
nigro-piceous; the clypeus, and lower parts of the face, testaceous-
yellow ; the mandibles ferruginous; antennae pale ferruginous; the
head covered with cinereous pile. Thorax: the tegulae testaceous;
the wings from the base to the stigma brown, beyond which they are
hyaline ; the scutellum covered with short stiff black hairs; the sides,
and beneath, with scattered black pubescence ; the legs dark rufo-
piceous; the posterior tibiae pale, flattened and widened towards
their apex ; the outer margin thickly fringed with black pubescence;
the disk of the thorax with a cinereous pile; the apex of the abdomen
pale rufo-testaceous.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

7.  Trigona canifrons. T. nigra; facie pube cinerea vestita; alis
hyalinis.                                                     "

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Black: the face covered with cinereous
pile. The thorax thickly covered above with sooty-black pubescence,
which is long and tufted on the scutellum; the tegulae black and
shining; the wings hyaline, the nervures testaceous; the posterior
tibiae, with their upper margin, thickly fringed with black hairs. Ab-
domen shining black.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

8.  Trigona collina. T. nigra; antennis basi ferrugineis; alis basi
fuscis apice albis.

Worker. Length 2 1/4 lines. Black : the scape, flagellum beneath, and
its apex, as well as the mandibles, ferruginous; the clypeus with a
pale testaceous spot in the middle; the wings brown at their base as

52 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

far as the stigma, beyond which they are milky-white ; the abdomen
obscurely rufo-piceous at the base.
Hab. Malacca (Mount Ophir).

9. Trigona fimbriata. T. capite thorace que femoribus et abdomine
basi testaceo-rufis; tibiis tarsisque intermediis et posticis nigris.

Worker, Length 3 1/2 lines. Head rufo-testaceous, the face covered with
very short ochraceous pubescence, and sprinkled with longer stiff
black hairs; the colour and pubescence of the thorax are similar to that
of the head, but the disk is of a rather darker colour, and the black hairs
are longer and more rigid; the intermediate and posterior tibiae, and
the basal joints of their tarsi, black, the former densely covered with
black pubescence, and the latter thickly fringed with the same, the
posterior tibiae being very broadly dilated towards their apex; the
wings hyaline, their nervures bright ferruginous. Abdomen : the two
basal segments rufo-testaceous, their apical margins, as well as the
whole of the following segments, nigro-fuscous.

Hab. Singapore.

Fam. FORMICIDAE.

Before entering upon the descriptions of the highly interesting
collection of Ants made by Mr. Wallace in Borneo, Malacca, and
Singapore, a few observations may not be out of place. I am
perfectly aware, that in treating upon this family, I can only
achieve a very partial success ; our present knowledge, scanty as
it is, convinces me that it is simply an impossibility to assimilate
the sexes of the exotic Ants correctly, without positive observation
of their oeconomy. The sexes of some species, there can be little
doubt, at present form the types of apparently very distinct
genera; such indeed are the eccentricities of form in the exotic
species, as to outstrip even the widest bounds hitherto conceived
to be necessary to allow, for varieties in form, size and colour. A
single instance will amply confirm this observation. In the third
volume of the ' Transactions of the Entomological Society,' I de-
scribed eleven species of the genus Pseudomyrma ; of one of these
I had the opportunity of describing the three sexes, taken in their
formicarium by Mr. H. W. Bates, in Brazil. This species, Pseudo-
myrma cephalica, exhibits such a remarkable difference of form in
the male, female and worker, that, had they not been obtained in
the manner stated, I should unhesitatingly have removed the sexes
into two distinct genera. In the male and worker the head is of
the ordinary form and proportion, but that of the female is as long
as the thorax, with the sides parallel; it is in fact, if I may use
the term, so disproportionate, that no one, I imagine, could have

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                  53

possibly supposed any relationship to have existed between the
female and the other sex.

It is to the Formicidae that Mr. Wallace has made the most
valuable additions : the number of new species added to the genus
Polyrhachis is very important, and that of eight to the Cryptoceridae
makes a grand addition to that curious and highly interesting
family. The new genus, Echinopla, being founded on the exami-
nation of workers only, will no doubt hereafter require a revision
of the characters laid down, but in describing a collection contain-
ing so many novelties such occurrences are almost inevitable.

1.  Formica gigas, Latr. Hist. Nat. Forum. 105. pl. 2. f. 6 [[worker]].
Hab. Borneo, Malacca, Singapore.

2.   Formica compressa, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 396.
Hab. Sarawak.

Specimens from Borneo have the legs more or less red, and in some
examples the vertex is more or less so.

3.  Formica stricta, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. (1851) p. 123.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

4.  Formica smaragdina, Fabr. Spec. Ins. 488 [[queen]] .

Formica longipes, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. xiii. 104 [[worker]].

Formica viridis, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 477 [[queen]]

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak), Malacca, Sumatra, Celebes, Philippine Islands.

5.   Formica festina. F. nigra, nitida; flagello fulvo; thoracesubtus,
metathorace pedibusque et petiolo pallide ferrugineis; abdomine sub-
tus piceo.

Female. Length 9-10 lines. Black and shining: head oblong-quadrate;
the mandibles and anterior margin of the face rufo-piceous; the
flagellum fulvous. Thorax: beneath, the sides, the metathorax and
the legs, pale ferruginous; wings subhyaline, their nervures ferru-
ginous; scale of the abdomen pale ferruginous, ovate and slightly
emarginate above; the posterior margins of the segments of the
abdomen, above, pale rufo-testaceous; beneath, entirely pale.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

This species closely resembles the European species F. ligniperda —in
fact appears to be the exotic form of that insect.

6.  Formica mistura. F. nigro-picea, ferrugineo variegata, pubescens;
capite opaco, thorace abdomineque nitidis.

Female. Length 7 lines. Head black, the vertex and cheeks more or
less ferruginous; the head opake, with the mandibles shining nigro-
piceous; the scape attenuated, rufo-testaceous ; the clypeus delicately
punctured, slightly emarginate in front. Thorax elongate-ovate,

54 ME. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

smooth and shining, with ferruginous stains in front and on the sides;
the metathorax truncate, with ferruginous spots at its base above;
the legs ferruginous, the tibiae and basal joint of the tarsi darkest;
the wings flavo-hyaline, the nervures pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen
elongate-ovate, with the margins of the segments and the apex rufo-
piceous; the scale ferruginous, with its superior margin very slightly
emarginate; the head with a thin fulvous pubescence; the abdomen
with a few scattered pale hairs.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

7.   Formica pilosa. F. nigra, dense sericea pilosa; squama ovata.
Worker. Length 3 lines. Black, covered with a fine cinereous pile: the

head large, much wider than the thorax; eyes ovate, placed laterally
rather high on the head; the anterior part of the face truncate, the
sides produced beyond the anterior margin of the clypeus; a faintly
impressed line above the base of the clypeus, which terminates in a
shallow fovea on the front. Thorax compressed posteriorly. Abdo-
men ovate, with a short pale pubesceuce; the scale narrow, incras-
sate, and terminating above in a blunt point.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

8.  Formica ruficeps. F. nigra; capite thoraceque antice ferrugineis.
Worker. Length 4 lines. Head ferruginous, smooth, shining, and

much wider than the thorax; the mandibles and scape black, the
apex of the former obscurely ferruginous; the flagellum pale rufo-
testaceous. Thorax black, more or less ferruginous anteriorly, much
compressed towards the metathorax; the tips of the joints of the
legs ferruginous, as well as the tarsi. Abdomen black, smooth and
shining; the scale ovate, acuminate at its apex above; the legs and
apex of the abdomen with a scattered short pale pubescence.

Worker minor, about one-third smaller; only differs otherwise in having
the mandibles ferruginous.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

This species bears a strong resemblance to the F. erratica of Europe.

9.  Formica badia. F. castaneo-fusca; thorace postice attenuata,
abdominis squamula incrassata, abdomine ovato.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 - 3 1/2 lines. Chestnut-brown ; head subovate ; the
eyes ovate, lateral, placed high on the head towards the vertex. Tho-
rax rounded in front, compressed behind; the metathorax obliquely
truncated; the scale of the abdomen subcorneal, incrassate, slightly
rounded in front and truncate behind. Abdomen oblong-ovate, the
apex fuscous.

Hab. Singapore; Borneo (Sarawak).

This species has much the appearance of a species of Polyergus;
but the mandibles are toothed at the apex: the palpi I have not
examined.

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                   55

10.   Formica diligens. F. obscure rufo-picea; antennis, mandibulis,
thorace subtus et lateribus, metathorace pedibusque laete rufis; ab-
domine subtus pallide rufo-testaceo.

Female. Length 9 lines. Head shining, dark rufo-piceous; the carinae
at the insertion of the antennae, the antennae, the anterior margin of
the face and clypeus, and the mandibles, ferruginous. The thorax
and legs ferruginous, with the mesothorax above and the scutellum
dark rufo-piceous; wings subhyaline, the nervures and tegulae pale
ferruginous. Abdomen shining dark rufo-piceous, beneath pale rufo-
testaceous; scale subquadrate, its superior margin slightly emarginate
its entire width.

Hab. Malacca.

This insect closely resembles the F. ligniperda.

11.  Formica irritans. F. capite abdomineque nigro-fuscis; an-
tennis, thorace, abdomine, squamula pedibusque ferrugineis.

Worker. Length 6 lines. Elongate and slender; head ovate; dark
fuscous; the apex of the scape and the flagellum ferruginous; the
clypeus and mandibles dark rufo-piceous. The thorax, scale of the
abdomen and the legs, ferruginous; the thorax elongate, compressed,
with the prothorax very slightly dilated at the sides. The scale of the
abdomen incrassate, rounded anteriorly and truncate behind. Ab-
domen ovate, nigro-fuscous; the entire insect sprinkled with erect
pale hairs.

Worker minor. Length 3 lines. Only differs in having the antennae
entirely pale ferruginous and the anterior legs stouter.

Hab. Malacca; Borneo (Sarawak).

This is probably the worker of F. diligens.

12. Formica fervens. F. capito abdomineque obscure rufo-piceis,
thorace pedibusque pallide ferrugineis.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Head nigro-piceous, thorax and legs pale
ferruginous; head subopake, with the mandibles and clypeus slightly
shining, the latter with scattered punctures; the flagellum pale fer-
ruginous; the anterior margin of the clypeus slightly emarginate.
Thorax more or less fuscous in front, compressed behind. Abdo-
men black and shining, with the apical margins of the segments nar-
rowly testaceous; thinly sprinkled with pale hairs; the scale ovate
and ferruginous.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

13. Formica gracilipes. F. ferruginea, abdomine (basi excepto)
obscure rufo-piceo.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Pale ferruginous, abdomen dark rufo-piceous;
antennae longer than the body ; head ovate, and wider than the tho-
rax, narrowed behind; the eyes black and prominent. Thorax elon-
gate and compressed; the prothorax narrowed into a slender neck;

56 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

legs very much elongated, the posterior pair one-third longer than the
insect, the tibiae and tarsi pale testaceous; the abdominal scale incras-
sate, rounded in front and truncate behind; the abdomen dark rufo-
piceous, short and ovate; the base more or less pale ferruginous.
Hab. Singapore.

14.  Formica irritabilis. F. capite, thorace et squama sanguineis;
pedibusque rufo-fuscis; abdomine fusco-nigra.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Head, thorax, and scale of the abdomen
ferruginous, the abdomen black; the scape black, its extreme base
and apex, and the flagellum, ferruginous, the latter more or less
fuscous above; the vertex with sometimes a fuscous stain; the man-
dibles nigro-piceous, their apex ferruginous; the thorax compressed
behind, and thinly covered, as well as the head, with erect reddish
hairs; legs nigro-fuscous, with the base and apex of the joints, or
with sometimes the coxa; and base of the femora, and also the apical
joints of the tarsi, ferruginous. The scale of the abdomen ovate,
terminating in a point above; the apical margins of the segments
with a thin fringe of pale reddish-yellow hairs.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

15.  Formica sedula. F. capite thorace pedibusque opacis nigris,
abdomine castaneo.

Worker. Length 5 lines. Head and thorax opake-black, the man-
dibles and legs shining black; the abdomen chestnut-red. The man-
dibles smooth at their base, and striated at their apex, with five stout
teeth, the flagellum fusco-ferruginous; the head deeply emarginate
behind; much wider than the thorax; the thorax compressed; the
trochanters and apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen ovate
and thinly sprinkled with reddish pubescence ; the scale subquadrate;
emarginate above, and slightly ferruginous; the head and thorax with
a few erect black hairs.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

Resembles F. compressa, but differs in having much stouter legs, in
being pubescent, in having the posterior angles of the head more
rounded, and in being pubescent.

16.  Formica exasperata. F. capite thorace abdominisque squama
sanguineis; tarsorum unguibus abdominisque basi rufis; thorace com-
presso.

Worker. Length 5 1/2 lines. Head and thorax blood-red; sometimes
blackish before the insertion of the antennae, and also a little in front
of the anterior stemma; in some examples entirely red; the mandibles
black, stout, strongly toothed and punctured; the head deeply emar-
ginate posteriorly, and much wider than the thorax. Thorax : com-
pressed, sometimes with fuscous stains at the sides, with the tibiae and
tarsi more or less fuscous; the head, thorax and legs with a thin
scattered pale reddish pubescence. Abdomen: black, subopake,

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                              57

with the apical margins of the segments usually more or less rufo-

piceous; the scale erect, ovate and entire.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).
The general form of this species is that of F. compressa; the antennae

are shorter, with shorter joints, and the legs are considerably stouter.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

17- Formica tenuipes. F. castaneo-rufa laevis nitida; thorace ovato;

alis hyalinis; squama quadrata supra emarginata.
Female. Length 4 lines. Reddish-brown: mandibles stout, and armed

with five stout black teeth; antennae pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax

ovate, smooth and shining; wings hyaline, the nervures pale testaceous;

legs pale rufo-testaceous, with the femora much compressed, flattened;

the scale of the abdomen quadrate, emarginate above. Abdomen

ovate, smooth and shining.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

18.  Formica camelina. F. nigra, elongata et gracilis; capite postice
in collum angustato; thorace medio compresso; metathorace supra
rotundato; pedibus elongatis; abdominis nodo globoso.

Worker. Length 5 lines. Black: elongate and slender; covered with
a fine silky pile, which has a golden tinge on the thorax and abdomen;
the antennae nearly as long as the body; the head oblong, much
narrowed behind the eyes, the latter nearly round, and placed rather
forwards on the face a little higher than the insertion of the antennae;
the carinae above the clypeus with a less elevated one between them,
the antennae inserted at the sides of the carinae. Thorax: much
narrowed in front, forming a sort of neck, widened and rounded be-
hind, broader than the meso- and meta-thorax, the latter somewhat
swollen above and elevated above the anterior part of the thorax; legs
very long and sprinkled with fine whitish hairs. The scale of the
abdomen, viewed above, pear-shaped, broadest at the base; abdomen
ovate, pointed at the apex, and sprinkled with pale glittering hairs.

Hab. Singapore.

19.  Formica pallida. F. pallide testacea laevis nitida sparse pilosa;
squamula elongato-ovata.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 - 3 lines. Pale rufo-testaceous, smooth and shining;
the head much wider than the thorax, the vertex widely and deeply
emarginate; the mandibles dark rufo-piceous; the flagellum and
the legs paler than the rest of the body; the thorax compressed be-
hind ; the scale narrow and ovate; abdomen subglobose, and thinly
sprinkled with long pale hairs; the head and thorax also slightly
pubescent.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

Some individuals of this species differ from the form described, in having
the head and abdomen of a deeper hue; the prothorax is sometimes

LINN. PROC .— ZOOLOGY.                                                     5

58 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

dark, but all have the scale of the same elongate-ovate form, without
any notch above.

20. Formica irritans. F. nigra; antennis, thorace pedunculisque
squama ferrugineis.
' Worker. Length 6 lines. Head and abdomen nigro-fuscous; antennae,
thorax, and scale of the abdomen, as well as the legs, ferruginous.
Elongate and slender, the head ovate; the apex of the scape ferru-
ginous; the clypeus and mandibles dark rufo-piceous. The thorax
elongate, compressed, with the prothorax slightly dilated at the sides.
Abdomen ovate : the scale incrassate, rounded anteriorly, and truncate
behind; the entire insect thinly sprinkled with erect, long, pale pu-
bescence.

Worker (minor). Length 3 lines. This only differs in having the antennae
entirely pale ferruginous.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

This is probably the worker of Formica diligens.

Genus Tapinoma, Foerster.

1. Tapinoma glabrata. T. nigra, subnitida, glabra, angustior;
antennis, mandibulis tarsisque rufo-pallidis; squama oblonga de-
pressa; abdomine oblongo-ovato.

Worker. Length 1 1/2 line. Black: the clypeus obscurely testaceous;
the mandibles and flagellum rufo-testaceous, the apex of the latter
slightly fuscous; the head, prothorax, and coxae beneath, rufo-testa-
ceous ; the thorax declining above to the base of the metathorax, the
latter convex; the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate; the
scale inclining forwards in a line with the oblique truncation of the
metathorax; the insect entirely destitute of pubescence.

Hab. Malacca.

Genus Polyrhachis.
Body more or less armed with spines. Antenna elongate, usually
nearly as long as the body; labial palpi 4-jointed, the basal joint
shortest, the three following, each in succession, longer than the pre-
ceding; the apical joint three times the length of the basal one.
Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, elongate, the basal joint short, about half
the length of the second joint, each of the following joints more than
twice the length of the second joint. Thorax: subovate in the
females; compressed and frequently flattened above in the workers;
wings as in Formica ligniperda. Abdomen globose. (Details, Plate I.)

This genus of Ants, of which the Formica bihamata may be
regarded as the type, forms a very distinct section of the Formi-
cidae : the males I am not acquainted with. The habit of these
insects is arboreal, as we learn from Mr. Jerdon, who, in his
paper on Ants, in the Madras Journal, describes two species; of

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                  59

one, P. nidificans, he says, " This Ant makes a small nest about
half an inch or rather more in diameter, of some papyraceous
material, which it fixes on a leaf; I have opened two, each of
which contained one female and eight or ten workers. It is very-
rare ; I have only seen it in Malabar." What can be the use of
the formidable spines and hooks with which these creatures are
armed, it is impossible to determine; on examination we find, as
might be expected in species living on trees, and probably all
have the same habit, that the legs are destitute of spines, and
usually of pubescence also; the calcaria at the apex of the tibiae
are very short, and the tips of the tarsal joints have very short
spines and hairs.

The Polyrhachis textor, described in these papers, was captured
with its nest, and was sent from Malacca by Mr. Wallace; the
nest is nearly oval, not quite an inch in length, its shortest dia-
meter being a little over half an inch; this nest is not of a papy-
raceous texture, but fibrous, formed, as it were, of a coarse net-
work ; the colonies must consequently be very small, as Mr. Jer-
don says, consisting of only eight or ten individuals ; but proba-
bly at the height of the season, when the males appear, the nests
may be somewhat enlarged, as we know to be the case amongst
the social Wasps.

Although these insects are usually rare, or at least seldom met
with in collcetions, Mr. Wallace has captured no less than nine-
teen species in the East: from the New World I have only seen
one or two, about four from Africa, and the same number from
Australia.

1.  Polyrhachis bihamatus, Drury, Ins. ii. pl. 38. f. 8 [[worker]].

P. thorace quadrispinoso, squama petiolari spinis duabus arcuatis.
Hab. Borneo. India. Sumatra.

2.  Polyrhachis relucens.

Formica relucens, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. p. 131.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). India.

3.  Polyrhachis carinatus.

Formica carinata, Fair. Syst. Piez. 413. 71; St. Farg. Hym. i. 220. 28;

Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. & Sc. (1851).
Hab. Malacca. Singapore.

4.  Polyrhachis defensus. P. niger; capito thoraceque minute
verrucatis, thorace spinis duabus longis antice, duabus postice, armato;
abdomine opaco ferrugineo-rufo.

Worker. Length 3 1/2 lines. Head and thorax black, and coarsely sha-
5*

60 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

greened; the thorax armed with two long stout spines at the angles
of the prothorax, and two similar ones at the posterior angles of the
metathorax; the scale of the abdomen with two long stout spines
diverging and curved backwards. Abdomen globose, of a dull opake
rusty-red.

Hab. Singapore. Java.

Specimens from Java, in the British Museum, have the abdomen black.

5.   Polyrhachis constructor. P. niger; thorace ovato, spinis
duabus minutis antice armato; abdominis squamula spinis duabus
armata.

Female. Length 3 1/2 lines. Black: finely rugose; the palpi pale testa-
ceous ; the mandibles obscurely rufo-piceous; the apex of the an-
tennae pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax : the anterior angles of the pro-
thorax acute; the metathorax not toothed; the apex truncate, the
truncation finely rugose; wings subhyaline, faintly yellow ; the ner-
vures pale testaceous. Abdomen globose; the scale quadrate, with
two very stout, short, curved spines above; the insect is very thinly
covered with a fine short silky ashy pile, most apparent on the
abdomen.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

6.   Polyrhachis ruficornis. P. niger; antennis mandibulis pedibus-
que ferrugineis, abdominis squamula spinis duabus longis armata.

Female. Length 4 lines. Black : the antennae and mandibles ferru-
ginous. Thorax elongate-ovate; wings subhyaline and iridescent,
the nervures testaceous; the legs ferruginous, the coxae black. Ab-
domen : the base more or less ferruginous; the scale with two stout
divergent spines above, which curve slightly backwards.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

7.   Polyrhachis carbonarius. P. aterrimus, nitidus; capite tho-
raceque supra aciculatis, abdominis squamula supra fornicata.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Jet-black, shining: the head and the thorax
above, longitudinally aciculate, the thorax most finely so. Thorax :
the anterior margin of the thorax with a short acute spine at the
lateral angles ; the truncation of the metathorax smooth and shining;
the legs elongate, with acute spines or hairs ; the calcaria pale testa-
ceous ; the anterior tibiae obscurely ferruginous in front. Abdomen
ovate, smooth and shining; the scale incrassate, narrowed to a sharp
edge above, the superior margin wide and arched, not spined.

Hab. Malacca.

8.  Polyrhachis textor. P. niger; thorace elongato, supra planato,
dentibus duobus parvis antice et postice armato; abdominis pedunculo
unispinoso.

Worker. Length 3 1/2 lines. Black; delicately rugulose; the eyes ovate,
lateral, placed high on the sides of the head; the front with two
raised carinae, at the sides of which the antennae arc inserted; the

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                              61

clypeus and the space between the antennae, rufo-piceous; the clypeus
with a slight longitudinal carina; the mandibles obscurely rufo-
piceous at their apex; the apical joint of the antennae ferruginous.
Thorax elongate, compressed at the sides, and flattened above; the
anterior portion longitudinally aciculate; the meso- and meta-thorax
delicately rugulose ; a short blunt tooth or spine on each side of the
prothorax, and a similar, but more acute tooth at the superior angles
of the metathorax; the legs elongate, without spines or hair's; the
tips of the claw-joint of the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen smooth
and shining; the peduncle with a single acute spine above, and a
minute tooth on each side at its base.
Hab. Malacca.

9.  Polyrhachis chalybeus. P. capite thoraceque nigris, pedibus
abdomineque chalybeis.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Black: the metathorax, legs and abdomen
steel-blue; the head delicately rugulose; eyes ovate, lateral, placed
high on the head; the antennae inserted opposite the lower orbit of
the eyes, each at the side of an elevated bent carina; the clypeus
emarginate anteriorly; the mandibles large and stout, their apex
denticulate. Thorax elongate, delicately transversely rugulose, with
two stout acute spines in front, diverging outwardly, and two shorter
erect parallel ones on the metathorax; the femora and tibiae com-
pressed. Abdomen smooth and shining; the peduncle armed with
two long stout divergent bent spines which curve backwards.
Hab. Singapore. Malacca.

10.   Polyrhachis nitidus. P. nigerrimus, laevis, nitidus; thorace
ovato, metathorace spinis duabus longis acutis, pedunculo quadrato,
spinis duabus curvatis acutis armata.

Female. Length 4 lines. Jet-black, smooth and shining; the thorax
rounded anteriorly; the metathorax armed with two long acute spines
at its base; the truncation delicately transversely rugulose and shi-
ning ; the peduncle quadrate, armed above at its posterior angles with
two short curved acute spines; the anterior tibiae rufo-piceous in front;
wings subhyaline, faintly tinted with yellow; the nervures ferruginous;
the stigma brown. Abdomen subglobose, very smooth and shining.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

11.   Polyrhachis villipes. P. niger; thorace spinis duabus elon-
gatis acutis antice armato; abdominis squamula spinis duabus longis
acutis, singulis basi minute unispinosis, pedibus pubescentibus.

Worker. Length 3 1/2 - 4 lines. Black: the head and thorax longitudi-
nally delicately aciculate; eyes ovate, very prominent, situated high
on the sides of the head, the head narrowed posteriorly; the carinae
on the face much elevated; the palpi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax:
armed in front with two long acute divergent spines; posteriorly un-
armed ; the superior surface flattened, distinctly divided by two trans-

62 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

verse sutures, and having a curved decline to the verge of the trunca-
tion of the metathorax; legs elongate, with a thin clothing of erect
pubescence. Abdomen smooth, shining, and sprinkled with erect
black hairs; the surface of the peduncle in front subquadrate, nar-
rowed at the base, the superior angles with long acute divergent spines,
which have a minute spine at their base outside.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

12.  Polyrhachis modestus. P. niger; thorace ovato, metathorace
spinis duabus brevibus obtusis, squama spinis duabus acutis retrorsum
curvatis armata.

Female. Length 3 lines. Black: head and thorax very delicately
rugose; the flagellum rufo-piceous beneath towards the apex. Thorax
ovate; the metathorax with two short blunt spines; wings hyaline,
faintly yellow; the nervures pale testaceous; the apical joints of the
tarsi obscurely ferruginous. Abdomen globose, smooth and shining;
the scale quadrate, armed above at the lateral angles with two acute
spines which curve backwards.

Hab. Singapore.

13.  Polyrhachis Pandarus. P. opacus niger; capite thoraceque
subverrucatis, thorace antice posticeque abdominisque squama spinis
duabus longis crassis acutis armatis.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Black: head and thorax coarsely shagreened;
the palpi pale testaceous; head below the antennae finely shagreened;
the head with a sharp recurved margin posteriorly. Thorax: not
flattened above; two long, stout, acute, divergent spines in front, and
two similar ones posteriorly; the scale quadrate, with two long acute
divergent spines, directed backwards; legs without spines or hairs;
the calcaria, at the apex of the anterior tibiae, pale testaceous, those
on the intermediate and posterior pairs black. Abdomen smooth,
opake-black.

Examples of this species from Singapore have the abdomen rusty-red.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). Philippine Islands. Java.

14.  Polyrhachis Hector. P. opacus niger; thorace spinis duabus
longis acutis antice et postice armato; squama quadrata spinis dua-
bus longis curvatis; abdomine obscure ferrugineo.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Opake-black: delicately shagreened; the
head narrowed posteriorly; the thorax armed with two long acute
divergent spines in front, and two slightly divergent ones behind; the
scale quadrate, with two long divergent spines above which curve
backwards ; the legs without spines or pubescence, the calcaria black.
Abdomen with an obscure ferruginous tinge. Thorax not flattened
above.

Hab. Singapore.

.. 15. Polyrhachis laevigatus. P. niger, laevis, nitidus; metathorace

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                              63

spinis duabus longis acutis retrorsum directis; abdominis squama
spinis duabus curvatis armata; coxis femorumque basi rufis.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Black, smooth and shining : the flagellum
thickened towards the apex. Thorax : the anterior angles acute; the
disk not flattened; the metathorax with two long, acute, divergent
spines, directed backwards; the scale with a long curved spine on
each side, directed to the curve of the abdomen; the coxae and femora
ferruginous, the anterior pair obscure. Abdomen globose, smooth and
shining.

Hab. Malacca.

I have only seen a single specimen of this species: the clavate antennae
appear to indicate its belonging to a different genus.

16.   Polyrhachis cuspidatus. P. niger; prothorace metatho-
raceque medio elevatis et bispinosis; femoribus abdominisque basi
ferrugineis.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Black : head subovate, not narrowed be-
hind ; the base of the scape, the apex of the flagellum, and the tips of
the mandibles, ferruginous. Thorax slightly compressed; the pro-
thorax with an elevation in the middle which terminates above in two
divergent spines; there is also a similar elevation, spined above on
each side, on the metathorax; the coxae, femora, and apical joints of
the tarsi, ferruginous. Abdomen ferruginous at the base; the scale
quadrate, deeply notched above.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

17.  Polyrhachis flavicornis. P. niger; capite thoraceque sub-
opacis, abdomine nitido ; flagello femorumque -basi flavo-testaceis.

Female. Length 3 lines. Black: the head subopake, the flagellum and
mandibles reddish-yellow; the basal joint of the flagellum, except its
extreme apex, black; the scape rufo-piceous. Thorax subopake;
ovate, without spines; legs rufo-piceous, the femora pale reddish-
yellow; wings subhyaline, nervures pale testaceous, stigma brown.
Abdomen fuscous; the scale quadrate, armed with two short, curved
subacute spines.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Very like the female, but with the antennae
and legs of a deeper tint; the first joint of the flagellum black, except
its apex; the thorax flattened at the sides, the superior surface slightly
convex, divided by two transverse sutures, the margins acute. Abdo-
men globose, black and shining; the scale as in the female.

Hab. Singapore.

18.   Polyrhachis equinus. P. niger nitidus; thorace supra de-
planato, metathorace et pedunculo bispinosis, pedibus pallide fer-
rugineis.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black; head shining and delicately rugulose;
the palpi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax: flattened above, the margins
acutely edged; the sides longitudinally delicately striated; the pro-

64 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

thorax, above, slightly concave, and shaped like a horse-shoe; the
metathorax is also slightly concave, with the posterior angles acute
and elevated; the metathorax smooth and shining behind; the legs
rufo-testaceous. Abdomen: smooth, shining and subglobose; the
scale elevated, with two short teeth above, the sides oblique; the scale
narrowing to its base.
Hab. Sarawak.

19.   Polyrhachis dives. P. niger, aureo-sericeo vestitus; thorace
spinis acutis antice et postice armatis; squama quadrata spinis duabus
longis curvatis.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Black: clothed with pale golden pubescence;
the thorax with two short curved spines in front, and two of about
the same length at its posterior margin; the scale of the abdomen
compressed, square in front, and having two long spines which curve
backwards; the pubescence on the head and thorax with an obscure.
golden tinge; the legs without spines or pubescence; the calcaria
pale testaceous.

Hab. Singapore.

20.  Polyrhachis vindex. P. niger, subnitidus; thorace supra de-
planata, spinis duabus anterioribus ; squama integra; pedibus ferru-
gineis; tibiis et femoribus apice tarsisque fuscis.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Black: the head and thorax with a shining
hoary pile; the head longitudinally striated; the apex of the flagellum
beneath, and the palpi, pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax flattened above,
delicately striated longitudinally; the divisions of the thorax distinctly
marked by two transverse sutures; the lateral margins raised and
acute; the anterior angles produced into acute spines; the tibiae and
femora ferruginous, and more or less fuscous at their apex. The scale
of the peduncle incrassate, compressed to a sharp edge above, which
is rounded, and terminates in a minute tooth laterally. Abdomen
smooth, shining and subglobose.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

Subfam. Poneridae;.

Gen. Odontomachus, Latr.

1. Odontomachus rixosus. O. rufo-fuscus, femoribus pallide tes-
taceis; margine interna mandibulorum subserrata, thorace transversim
striato.

Worker. Length 4 1/2 lines. Reddish-brown : the coxae, trochanters and
femora pale testaceous, the extreme base, and apex of the latter,
darker; the mandibles with two blunt teeth at their apex, the outer
tooth notched on one side, forming a second tooth; the inner edge
slightly serrated, having only four or five minute teeth; the pro-
minence between the sulcations on the anterior part of the head,

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                              65

obliquely striated; the striations crossing the sulcations, but termina-
ting opposite the hinder margin of the eyes; the depression on the
sides of the head striated, the striation becoming obsolete at the sides
of the head. The thorax transversely striated, the metathorax most
strongly so. The scale of the abdomen conical, terminating above in
an acute spine; the abdomen very smooth and shining, the apex pale
testaceous.

Hab. Singapore.

This species bears a strong resemblance to the type of the genus, O.
haematodes, a South American insect; but that species has the head
shorter, and the vertex delicately striated; the antennae are shorter,
the joints shorter: specimens which I consider to be identical with
the present species, are in the collection at the British Museum, from
Birmah and Singapore.

2. Odontomachus rugosus. O. rufescenti-fuscus; capite supra lon-
gitudinaliter striato, lateribus laevibus nitidis, thorace pedunculoque
rude rugosis.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Head of a red-brown, the mandibles and
scape rather paler, the flagellum pale testaceous; the mandibles much
narrowed at their base, their inner edge finely serrated, terminating in
two long blunt teeth which are abruptly curved at right angles with
the jaws; the head a little longer than broad, deeply emarginate be-
hind, longitudinally striated above, the sides smooth and shining.
Thorax darker than the head, and coarsely rugose; the legs ferru-
ginous. The node of the abdomen conical and rugose; abdomen
smooth and shining and of a dark rufo-piceous colour, the apex pale.

Hab. Singapore.

This is a very remarkable and distinct species, both in sculpture and
form.                                                                         ' ,

Gen. Ponera, Latr.

1. Ponera versicolor. P. purpureo et violaceo variegata seu ob-
scure cerata; capite, thorace abdominisque basi profunde striatis;
nodo spinis duabus parvis armato.

Worker. Length 4 1/2 lines. Black, with purple, violet and green tints
in different lights: the head deeply striated longitudinally, the striae
terminating at the base of the clypeus, the anterior margin of which
is subangular; the mandibles obscure ferruginous, their inner edge
toothed, the teeth being alternately one large and one small; the
mandibles finely striated; the eyes ovate, of moderate size, placed
laterally about the middle. Thorax: in front with deep circular
striae, behind which are a few longitudinal ones on the disk; the sides
arid posterior portion obliquely striated, the apex transversely so; the
calcaria and apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous. The node of the
abdomen incrassate, rounded in front and above, and truncate behind,

66' MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

with two short sharp spines on the verge of the truncation, pointing
backwards-; the first segment with transverse curved striae.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). Philippine Islands.

Some specimens of this species are entirely of a bronze-green, and some
have the legs more or less red.

2.   Ponera rubra. P. castaneo-rubra, laevis et impunctata; abdomine
elongato-ovato, nodo elevato antice rotundato, postice truncate.

Female. Length 3 1/2 lines. Bright chestnut-red; the head smooth and
impunctate; the head dusky before the ocelli; the mandibles serrated
on their inner margin; the antennae about the length of the thorax,
slightly thickened towards their apex. Thorax: the disk slightly
fuscous; narrowed towards the metathorax, which is obliquely truncate,
the truncation smooth and shining; the anterior margin of the pro-
thorax rounded. The peduncle of the abdomen, viewed sideways, is
wedge-shaped, its front margin slightly rounded, behind truncate;
the abdomen elongate-ovate, pointed, and slightly pubescent at the
apex.

Hab. Singapore.

3.   Ponera apicalis. P. nigra; antennis mandibulis pedibus abdo-
minisque apice ferrugineis.

Female. Length 31/2- lines. Black: the antennae, mandibles, legs and
apex of the abdomen ferruginous; the head finely shagreened.
Thorax oblong-ovate, finely longitudinally rugulose; the sides of
the metathorax coarsely rugose, the truncation transversely striated;
the scale of the abdomen incrassate, rounded above, transversely
striated in front and behind; the abdomen smooth and shining, with
a thin fine grey pubescence.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

4.   Ponera iridescens. P. rufo-fusca, laevis, nitida, chalybeo-irides-
cens; antennis pedibusque ferrugineis.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Dark rufo-fuscous, with changeable tints
of blue on the head and thorax, in different lights; the apex of the
metathorax, the legs, antennae, and apical margins of the segments of
the abdomen, ferruginous; the head with an abbreviated impressed
line above the insertion of the antennae; the mandibles with their
inner margin serrated and three teeth at their apex; the scale of the
abdomen compressed, elevated, and rounded above. Abdomen oblong;
the apical margin of the first segment slightly constricted.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

5.   Ponera rugosa. P. ferruginea rude rugosa; capite thoraceque
profunde punctatis; abdomine rude sulcato et punctato.

Female. Length 3 1/4 lines. Ferruginous; the head covered with coarse
deep punctures, the punctures semi-confluent; the antennae short and
thick; the flagellum clavate and pubescent; the mandibles longitudinally

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                   67

grooved. Thorax oblong, widest in front, the anterior margin
curved, the lateral angles acute ; the metathorax truncate; the pro-
thorax with large deep confluent punctures; the mesothorax longitu-
dinally grooved; the scutellum and metathorax ruggedly punctured.
The abdomen longitudinally grooved, the grooves on the basal
segment punctured; the node rugged and subglobose, beneath,
furnished with a remarkable flattened semitransparent appendage.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

6. Ponera rufipes, Jerdon. P. atro-fusca; capite thorace nodoque
rugosis; abdomine longitudinaliter rude sulcato, pedibus abdominisque
apice ferrugineis.

Worker. Length 5 lines. Obscure fuscous, scarcely black; the man-
dibles, the apex of the scape and of the flagellum, the legs and apex
of the abdomen, obscurely ferruginous; the head, thorax, and node
of the abdomen, rugose; the eyes small, placed forwards on the sides
of the head; the antennae short and thick, the flagellum clavate; two
parallel longitudinal carinae running backwards from the insertion of
the antennae to within about one-third of the posterior margin of the
head. The thorax obliquely truncated behind, the truncation smooth
and slightly shining; the truncation of the abdominal node smooth
and shining, its margin denticulated; the abdomen coarsely grooved
longitudinally.

Hab. Singapore. Malabar.

Specimens of this species from Borneo have the legs nearly or quite black.

7. Ponera intricata. P. nitida nigra; capite, thorace abdominisque
basi profunde et aequaliter striatis; nodo spinis duabus acutis armato;
pedibus ferragineis.

Worker. Length 5 lines. Black and shining; the mandibles, legs, and
apex of the abdomen, ferruginous; the flagellum obscurely ferruginous;
the head evenly and deeply grooved, longitudinally on the face, and
transversely on the vertex; the antennae as long as the insect.
Thorax : the dilated portion with transverse grooves on the disk which
are enclosed by curved ones ; 'the thorax is much compressed, with a
longitudinal groove above, the sides obliquely striated; the oblique
truncation at the apex transversely striated. The node of the abdo-
men compressed, rounded above and in front, and obliquely grooved;
the margin of the truncation with two acute spines above directed
backwards; the basal segment of the abdomen with curved striae,
slightly impressed or obliterated at the sides; the apical margins of
the segments rufo-piceous.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

8. Ponera geometrica. P. nigro-aenea; capite, thorace abdominis-
que basi profunde striatis, nodo spinis duabus acutis armato.

Worker. Length 5 lines. Black, with more or less of a bronze tint :
the head longitudinally striated; the clypeus angulated in front; the

68 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

mandibles ferruginous. Thorax: rounded anteriorly; the disk in
front transversely striated, these striae encircled by others which pass
round the sides and front; the thorax beyond with a striatum,
which runs in an elongated oval direction, the sides obliquely
striated; the legs very obscurely ferruginous. Abdomen: the node
incrassate, rounded in front and above, truncated behind; the margin
of the truncation deeply emarginate, the lateral angles of the emar-
gination produced into long stout acute spines; the node with a
curved striation, the curve being forwards; the first segment with a
beautiful even curved striation; the apical segments smooth and
shining, covered with a cinereous silky pubescence.

Hab. Singapore.

This species resembles the P. versicolor, but is much more regularly and
evenly striated; the striation on P. versicolor is coarse and uneven,
and directed differently on the thorax; the joints of the antennae in
this species are also longer and more slender. T. C. Jerdon has
described a striated species of Ponera, but he says, " abdominal
pedicle raised, pointing forwards with two small spines "— which does
not agree with any of the insects here described.

9.  Ponera transversa. P. obscure rufo-fusca; thorace supra trans-
verse rugoso; pedunculo margine supra emarginata.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Black: the head deeply striated, the striae
on the vertex diverging from the centre; the antennae scarcely
as long as the thorax, inserted at the side of two ridges at the base
of the clypeus; the elevations, extreme base of the scape, and
the mandibles, obscurely ferruginous. Thorax elongate, the sides
straight, slightly narrowed from the front towards the abdomen; the
margin of the thorax, in front, rounded, the lateral angles furnished
with a short obtuse spine; the thorax is transversely striated its
entire length; the verge of the oblique truncation at the apex with
two very short obtuse spines; the legs ferruginous. Abdomen ob-
scurely rufo-piceous, covered with a fine cinereous pile, and sprinkled
with long pale hairs; the scale, when viewed sideways, is wedge-
shaped, the upper edge deeply notched, and the scale transversely
striated behind.

Hab. Singapore.

10.  Ponera vidua. P. rufescenti-fusca; antennis elongatis; thorace
ovato, postice truncate; alis hyalinis; abdominis nodo incrassate,
subtus spinis duabus parvis armato.

Male. Length 4 lines. Red-brown: antennae elongate, fusco-ferru-
ginous, the base, and apex of the joints, pale testaceous; the eyes
large and ovate, the ocelli large and of glassy brightness. Thorax
ovate, with a thin loose downy pubescence; the metathorax truncate,
the sides rugose; wings hyaline, the nervures pale yellow, with the

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                              69

stigma brown; the legs pale testaceous. Abdomen smooth and
shining, with thin scattered long pale pubescence, most dense towards
the apex ; a deep strangulation between the first and second segments;
the node incrassate, coarsely rugose, rounded in front and above,
truncate behind; beneath furnished with two short teeth.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

11.   Ponera diminuta. P. nigra; vertice delicatule curvato-striato;
pedibus rufo-piceis; abdomine laevigata nitido squama quadrata.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black : the mandibles, and the extreme
base of the scape, ferruginous; the flagellum fusco-ferruginous; the
head elongate, narrowed behind, delicately striated; the striae curved
transversely on the vertex. Thorax elongate, produced into a neck
anteriorly; swollen in front, compressed in the middle, and again
widened to the apex, which is obliquely truncated; the truncation
with a few deep transverse striae; the thorax above with short irre-
gular scratches or abbreviated striae; the legs elongate, rufo-piceous,
the tarsi pale. Abdomen: the scale, viewed laterally, is quadrate;
above slightly narrowed in front, and truncated before and behind;
the first segment rounded at the base and constricted at the apex,
the second segment narrowed at the base; the abdomen smooth and
shining, with the apical margins of the segments, and the apex, rufo-
piceous.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

This species is nearly an exact representative in form, on a reduced scale,
of the P. tarsata.

12.  Ponera pompiloides. P. nigra, Pompilum simulans; thorace
elongato-ovato; abdomine elongata nodo conico.

Male. Length 3 lines. Black : antennae elongate, and finely pubes-
cent. Thorax in front and behind obscurely ferruginous; the wings
subhyaline, the nervures pale testaceous, the stigma brown; the apex
of the coxae, and the base of the femora, rufo-piceous; the apical
joints of the tarsi pale ferruginous. Abdomen elongate, with a
scattered pale downy pubescence; the apical margin of the first seg-
ment slightly constricted; the node conical and rufo-piceous.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

13.   Ponera laeviceps. P. nigra; capite elongata laevi nitido; thorace
abdomineque laevigatis nitidis; tarsis pallidis ferrugineis.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black, smooth and shining: a few striae on
the face on each side of the clypeus; the latter triangular, with a
central raised longitudinal carina; a longitudinal impressed line runs
from the insertion of the antennae half-way towards the posterior
margin of the vertex. Thorax: in front forming a short neck, be-
hind which it is swollen; from thence it is much narrowed and com-
pressed ; the apex oblique and transversely rugose; the tarsi pale

70 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

rufo-testaceous; the abdomen with a deep strangulation between'
the first and second segment; the node elevated and rounded
above.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

Gen. Typhlopone, Westw.

1. Typhlopone laevigata. T. castanea nitida laevigata, capite in
medio sulcata.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Chestnut-red: smooth and shining, longi-
tudinally channeled, slightly interrupted, in some examples, near the
margin of the vertex; the inner margin, and apex of the mandibles,
black. Thorax : a slightly impressed channel in front; the peduncle
narrowed and rounded in front; the abdomen and legs rather paler
than the head, the margins of the segments slightly constricted.

Worker (minor). About half the size, pale testaceous, and more abruptly
truncated on the thorax.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

Gen. Tetraponera, Smith.

1. Tetraponera atrata, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. ix. p. 45 [[queen]] .
Hab. Sarawak.

Subfam. MYRMICIDAE.
Gen. Myrmica, Latr.

1. Myrmica longipes. M fusco-pallida, gracilescens; capito in col-
lum angustato; thorace compresso, metathorace bispinoso; pedibus
elongatis; abdominis nodis duobus globosis.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Dark brown : the legs testaceous, the tarsi
and tips of the antennae pale testaceous; antennae longer than the
body, very slender, the scape, and also the flagellum, slightly
thickened towards their apex; head much wider than the thorax,
narrowed behind the eyes, and prolonged into a short neck; the man-
dibles rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the prothorax elongate, narrowed
anteriorly into a short neck, slightly swollen posteriorly; the division
between the meso- and meta-thorax deeply impressed; the metathorax
with two short acute upright spines. Abdomen ovate, pedunculate,
the peduncle formed of two nodes, the first smaller and less elevated
than the second, each having a short footstalk.

Hab. Singapore. Borneo.

Notwithstanding the remarkable form of this species, its long slender
antennae and legs, the prolongation of the prothorax into a neck, &c,
all of which appear to warrant the formation of a new genus for its
reception, yet, not being acquainted with either of the perfect sexes, I
do not feel justified in removing it from the genus Myrmica.

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                   71

2.  Myrmica pellucida. M. fusco-testacea; antennis pedibusque
pallide testaceis, abdomine pellucido.

Worker, Length 1 1/4 line. Head and thorax dark fusco-testaceous;
antennae and legs pale testaceous, nearly white; the divisions of the
thorax distinctly marked, that between the meso- and meta-thorax
rather deeply impressed; the abdomen of a transparent pale testa-
ceous colour; the metathorax not spined.

Hab. Singapore.

Mr. Wallace, on a ticket attached to specimens of this insect, says,
" House-ant: transparent abdomen: very active, but not destructive."

3.   Myrmica vastator. M. pallide flavo-testacea, laevis ; abdomine
nitido, apice fuscescenti.

Worker. Length 1 1/4 line. The head, thorax, antennae, legs, and pe-
tiole of the abdomen, pale yellow-testaceous; the head oblong qua-
drate ; the eyes small, placed forwards on the side of the head;
antennae clavate, the club formed of three joints; the thorax deeply
strangulated between the meso- and meta-thorax; the latter without
spines ; the abdomen pale at its base, fuscous at its apex.

Hab. Singapore.

Mr. Wallace attaches a ticket to this species, " House-ant: very de-
structive."

4.   Myrmica agilis. M. pallide ferruginea; abdomine nigro, basi pal-
lido, laevissimo et politissimo.

Worker. Length 1 line. Head, antennae, thorax and legs pale rufo-
testaeeous; head and thorax very smooth and shining; the flagellum
clavate, the club consisting of three joints, the basal joint of the fla-
gellum as long as the three following. Thorax swollen anteriorly,
the metathorax with two minute spines. Abdomen ovate, the first
node of the peduncle elongate, the second subglobose.

Hab. Malacca.

Gen. Heptacondylus, Smith.

Head suborbiculate, wider than the thorax; eyes lateral and ovate;
stemmata placed in a triangle on the vertex; antenna geniculated,
filiform, the scape nearly as long as the flagellum, placed forwards on
the head at the base of the clypeus; the flagellum 6-jointed, the joints
clavate, except the apical one, which is cylindrical; the labial palpi
3-jointed; the maxillary palpi 3-jointed. Thorax ovate, gibbous;
the scutellum very prominent; the metathorax armed with two acute
spines (in the females), compressed and strangulated (in the workers).
The superior wings with one marginal and one complete submargi-
nal cell, the submarginal cell receiving the recurrent nervure; the
superior angle of the discoidal cell touching the costal nervure. Ab-
domen ovate; the peduncle consisting of two nodes.

72 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

This is perhaps the most remarkable genus hitherto characterized
amongst the Formicidae; it presents one of those anomalies which
perplex the naturalist. In the aculeate division of the Hymeno-
ptera, we have felt that there existed in every species certain un-
deviating and tangible characters, whereby the sex at least might
always be discriminated; namely, an additional segment to the
abdomen, whereby to distinguish the males, as well as an addi-
tional joint to the antennae; the number of joints in the male
being thirteen, and twelve in the female. It is true that one or
two exceptions have been recorded: thus, the male of Crabro
vagus, amongst the fossorial group, has only twelve perceptible
joints to the antennae; and amongst the Apidae, the males of the
genus Coelioxys have apparently only six segments in the abdo-
men ; in the latter ease, however, a seventh segment is concealed,
or retracted, within the sixth segment; and in all probability, in
the fossorial insect, a joint is concealed within the apex of the
scape. In the present genus we find, however, so wide a departure
from the normal condition, that it, stands almost alone, as an ex-
ception to the general rule. In the ' Transactions of the Entomo-
logical Society,' vol. ii. of the 2nd series, I established a genus
(Orectognathus) on characters exhibited in a neuter Ant, the
insect having only five joints in the antennae; but as a neuter
cannot be fairly considered the perfect condition of a species, I
have thought it possible that the discovery of the other sexes
might prove that I had been premature in establishing a genus
on the imperfect condition of the species. This cannot be urged
in the present instance, as both the female and worker are de-
scribed, and neither of them has more than six joints in the
flagellum.

1. Heptacondylus arachnoides. H. capite thoraceque laevissimis
nitidis rufo-testaceis ferrugineo-subnebulosis; abdomine obscure rufo-
piceo nitido; pedibus elongatis gracilibus pubescentibus.

Female. Length 4 1/2 lines. Head and thorax rufo-piceous, with dark fer-
ruginous stains on the vertex, scutellum, and metathorax posteriorly;
also two longitudinal lines of the same colour on the disk of the
mesothorax; the abdomen very dark rufo-piceous, with the three
apical segments pale rufo-testaceous; the entire insect very smooth
and shining. The mandibles produced, with three black teeth at the
apex, and one on the inner margin towards the apex; the antennae
pubescent; the thorax with scattered pale pubescence; the wings
flavo-hyaline, the nervures pale testaceous; the legs elongate, with
the apex of the joints and the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous; thickly
covered with erect pale pubescence. Abdomen covered with pale

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                73

pubescence, the nodes of the abdomen dark rufo-piceous, globose, and
each having a distinct petiole ; the petioles pale rufo-testaceous.
Worker. Length 2 3/4 lines. Dark rufo-fuscous: the antennae, head
beneath, mandibles and lower part of the face pale rufo-testaceous ;
antennae slender and elongate; head smooth and shining, not carinated.
Thorax shining, the lateral margins traversed by a sharp carina; the
metathorax elevated and armed with two acute spines; the legs
elongate and slender, the coxae beneath, the base and apex of the
femora and tibiae, and the tarsi, pale ferruginous. Abdomen smooth
and shining, the apex pale ferruginous.
Hab; Borneo (Sarawak).

2.   Heptacondylus subcarinatus. H. capite thoraceque ferru-
gineis; abdomine rufo-fusco; capite thoraceque carinulis irregularibus
abbreviatis; metathorace spinis duabus acutis armata.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Head, antennae, thorax and legs, ferruginous,
sometimes pale ferruginous; abdomen fuscous, or rufo-fuscous, the
petiole of the basal node pale; head shining, and having a num-
ber of irregular delicate carinae on the front and vertex ; in front of
the eyes are a number of irregular striae. Thorax : the sides com-
pressed, widest anteriorly; the superior surface slightly convex,
and having a number of longitudinal abbreviated elevated carinae;
the lateral margins traversed by a slight carina; the metathorax with
two stout acute spines. Abdomen smooth and shining; the insect
sprinkled with a number of pale erect hairs, most numerous on the
scape and legs.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

3.  Heptacondylus carinatus. H. obscure fusco-ferrugineus; capite
thoraceque carinis irregularibus abbreviatis; metathorace spinis duabus
longis armato.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Dark fusco-ferruginous, closely resembling
H. subcarinatus, but with thicker antennae, and the joints shorter, the
scape distinctly shorter and not so slender at the base; the head pro-
portionably larger and much more strongly carinated; the thorax
roughly carinated, and having longer and stouter spines; in other.
respects agreeing with H. subcarinatus.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

This may possibly be a form of H. subcarinatus, but the various differ-
ences pointed out appear to characterize a distinct species.

The insect which I am about to describe, although evidently
belonging to the Poneridae, is of such a different and remarkable
form, to any insect belonging to any of the sections of the genus
Ponera, or any of the subgenera, that I propose to constitute a
new genus for its reception; the abdomen of this singular species

LINN. PROC.—ZOOLOGY.                                                            6

74 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

is formed, as it were, of three nodes, each being a little, longer
and wider than the preceding.

Gen. Cerapachys.

Body elongate; head narrowed before and behind the eyes; eyes ovate,
lateral, placed about the middle of the head; antenna short, incras-
sate; mandibles triangular, obsoletely toothed within. Thorax ob-
long-quadrate, strangulated in the middle. Abdomen: oblong, with
a deep strangulation between the first and second segments.

1. Cerapachys antennatus. C. aterrimus, nitidus; antennis brevi-
bus, crassis; thorace oblongo-quadrato; abdomine elongate, nodo qua-
drate ; abdominis segmentis primo et secundo incisura separatis.

Worker, Length 3 1/2 lines. Jet-black, smooth and shining; antennae
one-third longer than the head; the scape short and incrassate, cla-
vate ; the flagellum incrassate, the joints short and transverse, except
the apical one, which is as long as the four preceding joints; the
head depressed on each side in front of the eyes; the antenna?
inserted at the anterior margin of the head, each at the side of an
elevated carina; the mandibles, flagellum and apex of the scape ob-
scurely ferruginous; the posterior margin of the vertex slightly emar-
ginate its entire width, a few scattered minute punctures on the
vertex, and a small fossulet in the middle between the eyes." Thorax :
oblong-quadrate, with a few scattered punctures above, and a few short
erect hairs; the tips of the femora and tarsi, and the apical joints of
the latter, pale rufo-testaceous; the basal joint of the anterior tarsi
bent; the calcaria white. Abdomen elongate; the peduncle quadrate,
a little narrower than the first segment of the abdomen, which has
the sides slightly rounded; a deep strangulation between the first
and second segments; the apex obliquely truncated, the margins of
the truncation finely denticulated.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

2. Cerapachys oculatus. C. pallide fuscus; oculis magnis, atris;
antennis pedibusque pallide testaceis; alis hyalinis; petiolo bi-arti-
culato, binodi.

Male. Length 2 1/2 lines. Pale-brown, with dark stains on the sides of
the thorax; head oblong-quadrate, the mandibles forming a trian-
gular projection; the eyes large and prominent, situated anteriorly
on the sides of the head ; the ocelli large, placed in a dark stain
on the vertex; the mandibles, antennae, and legs, pale testaceous.
The thorax oblong-ovate; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the
nervures pale testaceous; the basal node of the petiole narrow at
the base, widened to the middle, and again narrowed to the apex,
the widest part with a sharp edge, or carina; the second node ovate;

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                             75

the abdomen subovate, widest towards the extremity, the apex
pointed.
It is quite possible that this may prove to be the male of C. antennatus,
but I do not feel authorized in placing them together.

Gen. Crematogaster, Lund.

1.  Crematogaster anthracinus. C. aterrimus, laevis et nitidus;
tarsis rufo-piceis.

Worker. Length 1 1/4 line. Jet-black, smooth and shining; the face
with a few delicate striae; the extreme base of the scape, and the apex
of the flagellum, pale testaceous. Thorax: flattened above, opake
and finely rugose; the metathorax armed on each side with an acute
spine; the tarsi pale testaceous, with the claw-joint darker. Abdo-
men : heart-shaped, smooth, shining and impunctate.

Hab. Singapore.

2.   Crematogaster brunneus. C. pallide castaneo-rufus, laevis niti-
dusque; thorace spinis duabus acutis armato.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Reddish-brown, or castaneous, varying a
little in colour; head smooth and shining, wider than the thorax,
about the same width as the abdomen, slightly emarginate at the
vertex, and more deeply coloured. Thorax: the disk concave and
finely striated longitudinally; the metathorax deeply concave and
furnished on each side with a stout acute spine; the legs, with the
tips of the joints and the tarsi, pale testaceous. Abdomen : heart-
shaped, smooth and shining; the first node heart-shaped, flattened
above; the second node globose, with two tubercles above.

Worker minor. About one-third smaller, and of a pale testaceous
colour ; the abdomen darker at the apex.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

3.  Crematogaster cephalotes. C. testaceus; capite thorace duplo
latiore; spinis metathoracis brevibus et acutis.

Worker. Length 1 - 1 1/4 line. Testaceous; head very large, smooth and
shining; the antennae, clypeus and mandibles, pale testaceous. Tho-
rax : rounded anteriorly, deeply constricted in the middle; in front
rugose, with a smooth shining space before the constriction; the meta-
thorax deeply excavated, produced laterally into an acute spine on
each side; the tibiae and tarsi pale testaceous. Abdomen heart-
shaped ; the basal node flattened anteriorly, with the sides angulated;
the second node globose.

Worker minor. Differs in having the head proportionably smaller, and
the thorax smooth and shining above.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

6*

76 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

4.   Crematogaster obscurus. C. testaceus, laevis et nitidus; thorace
strangulate; metathorace bispinoso.

Worker. Length 1 1/4 line. Dull testaceous; the base of the scape and
of the flagellum, the clypeus and mandibles, pale; the head-smooth
and shining. Thorax: rounded in front, with a central longitudinal
channel; deeply strangulated in the middle; the metathorax some-
what quadrate, with the posterior lateral angles produced into short
spines; the legs with the apex of the joints, and the tarsi, pale tes-
taceous. Abdomen heart-shaped; the basal node of the peduncle
flattened in front, the narrow end above.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

5.   Crematogaster inflatus. C. niger, laevis et nitidus; parte
postica thoracis pallide testacea, inflata.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Black, smooth and shining; the antennae
dark rufo-piceous ; the mandibles striated and ferruginous, their teeth
black; eyes small and lateral, placed about the middle of the head.
Thorax: the anterior margin rounded; the posterior portion inflated
into a yellowish semi-transparent bladder-like swelling, divided in the
middle by a deep longitudinal depression; the swollen part not quite
so wide as the head; the apical joints of the tarsi rufo-testaceous.
Abdomen heart-shaped; the peduncle, base, and the apical margin of
the first segment, obscurely rufo-piceous.

Hab. Singapore; Borneo (Sarawak).

This is one of those singular and anomalous species, which, without any
particle of information, derived from observation, puzzle and perplex
the naturalist; what can possibly be the use of the bladder-like ex-
crescence on the thorax of this insect, it is difficult to imagine ; to the
touch it is elastic, and apparently forms a receptacle for saccharine
fluids. With the aid of a microscope, a small circular orifice can be
seen at each of the posterior lateral angles of the swollen part, and
small crystallized particles are apparent, not only within the orifice,
but scattered over the surface of the inflation; we may, therefore,
reasonably suppose that this singular apparatus is for the purpose of
elaborating a suitable and necessary aliment for the larvae of this
singular insect.

6.   Crematogaster difformis. C. niger; capite thorace multum
latiore; thorace dilatata et postice profunde excavato; abdomine
cordato.

Worker. Length 2 1/4 lines. Black; head very large, twice as wide as
the thorax ; the tips of the mandibles, and apical joints of the flagel-
lum, dark ferruginous ; the head smooth and shining ; the eyes small,
placed laterally about the middle of the head. Thorax : the anterior
margin rounded, the sides parallel behind; the metathorax greatly
dilated at the sides and above, and with a deep excavation behind;

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                              77

the legs stout, with their joints and the tarsi ferruginous. Abdo-
men heart-shaped, with the base, in some examples, slightly fer-
ruginous.

Worker minor. Differs only in being one-third smaller.

Hab. Singapore ; Borneo (Sarawak).

This species resembles the C. inflatus in form; but the swollen portion
of the thorax is of a solid consistency; it forms, however, a similar
laboratory of saccharine matter; the orifice from which it exudes is
not exactly at the posterior angles, but a little way beneath ; in some
specimens, masses of crystallized particles can be seen beneath the
orifice; of this species, both large and small workers have been exa-
mined, and the same apparatus is found on them both.

Gen. Atta, Latr.

1.  Atta penetrans. A. capite thoraceque nigris; abdomine obscure
rufo-piceo; alis subhyalinis; capite thoraceque longitudinaliter striatis.

Female. Length 4 lines. Black and shining; head longitudinally finely
striated; the mouth, clypeus and antennae, ferruginous. Thorax:
elongate-ovate, the prothorax anteriorly and the legs, ferruginous;
the thorax above with oblong punctures which run into striae; an
impunctate line in the middle of the mesothorax anteriorly; the
metathorax truncated, the truncation smooth and shining; wings sub-
hyaline, with a fuscous line along the costal nervure; the apical mar-
gins of the wing with a fringe of very fine white hairs. Abdomen :
elongate-ovate, dark rufo-piceous, the apical margins of the segments
brighter; the nodes of the peduncle globose and punctured.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

2.  Atta cingulata. A. ferruginea; pedibus abdomineque pallide
ferrugineis; capite maximo, thorace triplo latiore.

Worker major. Length 1 3/4 line. Head very large, ferruginous, the
antennae paler; eyes very small, placed at the sides of the head a little
before the middle. Thorax : pale ferruginous, very convex or globose
anteriorly, much narrower behind, with two short acute spines on the
metathorax; legs pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen: ovate, with the
base truncated, with a fuscous ring in the middle; the nodes of the
peduncle globose.

Worker minor. About 1 line in length. The head much smaller and
more elongate; in colour, resembling the larger worker, and equally
smooth and shining; the abdomen with a fuscous ring in the middle.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

Gen. Physatta.

Head small; eyes of moderate size, placed a little before the middle;
ocelli in a triangle on the vertex; mandibles stout and denticulate

78         MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

at the apex; antennae short, not so long as the head and thorax;
the scape nearly as long as the flagellum, slightly thickened at the
apex; flagellum subclavate, 6-jointed, the first joint shorter than the
second; the third, fourth and fifth about the same length as the
first, the apical joint the length of the two basal ones. Maxillary
palpi 3-jointed, the basal and apical joints of about equal length,
the intermediate joint twice the length of the apical joint, the latter
obliquely truncate at the apex. Labial palpi 3-jointed, the two basal
joints clavate, the apical one fusiform. Thorax subglobose ; anterior
wings with one marginal and two submarginal cells, the first sub-
marginal cell about the length of the stigma, the second extending to
the apex of the wing; with one sub-triangular discoidal cell; the tibia
armed with a single spur at the apex. Abdomen globose, peduncu-
lated, the peduncle formed of two nodes.

This genus in one of its most prominent characters agrees with
the genus Heptacondylus, both having seven-jointed antennae :
their relative proportions are, however, very different, as well as
that of the joints of the flagellum ; the wings have also a different
neuration; this latter character will, I am inclined to believe,
prove eventually that by which the generic divisions of the Hyme-
noptera must be regulated; even at present, with our meagre and
imperfect knowledge of the species, it does, if strictly adhered to,
bring together assemblages of species, allied alike in habit and
structure; when taken in connexion with the structure of the
mandibles and legs, indicative of habit, it becomes perhaps the
most safe and available character hitherto adopted for their
generic subdivision; the greatest help to science 1 think is its
simplification.

1. Physatta dromedarius. P. capite thoraceque ferrugineis; alis
abdomineque nigris.

Female. Length 6 1/2 lines. The head, thorax, legs and petiole of the
abdomen ferruginous; the mandibles with four or five black teeth;
the head and thorax longitudinally striated and clothed, as well as
the legs, with erect thin fulvous pubescence; the intermediate and
posterior legs dark rufo-piecous; wings dark fuscous, slightly
iridescent; the metathorax armed with two short stout spines at its
base, the truncated portion transversely striated. Abdomen black,
covered with a short erect fuscous pubescence; the nodes of the
petiole subglobose, the first attached to the thorax by a short stout
petiole.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                  79

Gen. Typhlatta.

Mandibles triangular; eyes obsolete; flagellum 9-jointed; petiole of
the abdomen formed of 2 nodes.

The above characters are those of the worker of the species;
probably an examination of the other sexes would present other
very distinctive generic characters, particularly in the neuration of
the wings: the palpi I have not examined.

1. Typhlatta laeviceps. T. niger, nitidus; capite, thorace antice et
abdomine glaberrimis; antennis tarsisque rufo-piceis.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Black ; the head glassy-smooth and shining;
ovate, with the posterior margin of the vertex truncate; in some
examples, an indistinct castaneous spot at the sides of the head, in
the usual situation of the eyes; the antennae ferruginous. Thorax
elongate, compressed at the sides; very smooth and shining anteriorly,
with a delicate striation in the middle, the metathorax being finely
rugulose; the tarsi rufo-piceous. Abdomen: ovate, very smooth and
shining ; the nodes subglobose, the basal one being the smallest.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

Subfam. Cryptoceridae.
Gen. Echinopla.

Head transverse; eyes small, placed laterally, high on the head;
antennae 12-jointed, inserted forwards on the head, wide apart; the
labial palpi 4-jointed, the three basal ones of about equal length,
clavate; the apical joint as long as the two preceding joints united;
the maxillary palpi 5-jointed, elongate, the three apical joints long
and slender, the two basal ones much shorter and stouter; mandibles
short, stout, and of equal width throughout, armed with five stout
teeth. Thorax oblong-quadrate; legs of moderate length; tarsi
5-jointed; each tibia armed with a single spine at the apex. Abdo-
men globose; peduncle formed of a single node; the first segment
very large, concealing the other segments beneath it.

1. Echinopla melanarctos. E. nigra, hispida; oculis extantibus;
abdominis squama in utroque latere spina longa acuta horizontali;
abdomine globoso.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black; the head, thorax and abdomen,
covered with short blunt spines, or pedestals, each having a long hair
at its summit; the palpi pale testaceous; the antennae inserted under
thin elevated curved plates on the anterior part of the face, the face
with a rugose striation; the head smooth beneath, shining and con-
cave; the eyes very prominent and globose. Thorax rugose; the
legs slightly pubescent, the calcaria pale testaceous. (Fig. and de-
tails, Plate I.)

Hab. Singapore.

80 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

2.   Echinopla pallipes. E. nigra, hispida; oculis protninentibus ;
abdomine globoso; squama in utroqne latere spina horizontali;
pedibus pallide testaceis.

Worker. Length 21/2 lines. Black, rugose ; the abdomen vermiculate,
interpersed with slight elevations placed in great regularity over the
entire upper surface, each elevation terminating in a hair ; the scape
and the mandibles ferruginous; the eyes very prominent; the palpi
and legs pale testaceous, with the tarsi rufo-piceous; the peduncle
transverse, produced on each side into a short horizontal spine; the
abdomen rufo-piceous.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

It is very difficult to describe the sculpturing of this insect; on the head
it is strongest; the species strongly resembles E. melanarctos, but the
elevations are shorter, as well as the hairs at their apex.

3.   Echinopla Striata. E. nigra; capite, thorace et abdomine lon-
gitudinaliter striatis ; thorace oblongo, subquadrate; pedunculo trans-
verso.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black; the head, thorax and abdomen finely
striated longitudinally; the head with an obscure blue tinge; the
palpi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax : oblong, the margins denticulate,
the anterior margin rounded, the lateral margins narrowed to the
middle, and again widened posteriorly; above slightly arched; the
division of the pro- and meso-thorax distinctly marked by a suture;
that of the meso- and meta-thorax by a deep strangulation; the pe-
duncle of the abdomen incrassate, transverse, and armed on each side
by a stout spine. The entire insect thinly, sprinkled with erect black
hairs.

Hab. Malacca.

Of this species I have only seen two individuals: I place it in this
genus with some hesitation; but the antennae are similar; the thorax
and scale of the abdomen of the same form; the legs also are short,
as in Echinopla : the principal difference being, that the eyes are less
prominent; it is altogether a very curious and remarkable species.

Gen. Cataulacus, Smith.

1. Cataulacus insularis. C. niger; vertice spinis duabus postice
armato; alis flavo-hyalinis; metathorace bispinoso; abdomine cor-
data.

Male. Length 3 lines. Black : head and thorax rugose; the antennae,
the eyes, the mandibles, the tibiae and the tarsi, ferruginous; the
palpi pale; the eyes very large and prominent; the clypeus produced
and broadly truncate in front; the hinder margin of the vertex
straight, margined, and having the posterior lateral angles produced
into stout acute spines; the outer margins of the spines serrated ;
beneath are smaller spines at the lower lateral angles; the wings sub-

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                              81

hyaline and yellowish ; the nervures scarcely discernible; the hinder
margin of the metathorax slightly emarginate its entire width, with
an acute spine at each of the lateral angles. The nodes of the ab-
domen rugose; the first node oblong-quadrate; the -second nearly
quadrate; the abdomen reddish at the base, and, as well as the nodes,
thinly sprinkled with erect whitish hairs.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

2.   Cataulacus horridus. C. niger; capitis angulis posticis spino-
sis; marginibus capitis crenulatis; thorace aspere sculpto, spinis dua-
bus acutis elongatis postice armato; abdomine ovato, basi striate.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black; the antennae short, thick and clavate ;
the apex rufo-testaceous; head reticulated, produced before the eyes
and widely truncated, the lateral angles of the truncation rounded;
the lateral margins with a short spine before the eyes; the vertex with
the posterior margin emarginate its entire width, forming at the lateral
angles large acute spines. Thorax: ruggedly sculptured on the disk,
narrowed to the apex of the mesothorax, which is separated from the
hinder portion by a deep transverse incision; produced posteriorly at
the angles into long, stout, acute spines ; the nodes of the abdomen
rugose; abdomen rounded, emarginate and striated at the base; the
entire insect sprinkled with short erect white setae.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). Malacca.

3.   Cataulacus reticulatus. C. niger, delicatule reticulatus,
praesertim in abdomine; marginibus capitis thoracisque lateribus
crenulatis ; thorace spinis duabus validis postice armato.

Worker. Length 1 1/2 - 2 lines. Black; head and thorax reticulated;
antennae short, thick and clavate; the clypeus widely emarginate;
the sides of the head produced into a sharp angle in front of the eyes;
behind the eyes the margin is crenulated, the posterior lateral angles
acute. Thorax : the anterior margin slightly rounded; the sides
rounded and narrow to the metathorax, with a short tooth anteriorly
and posteriorly; the thorax produced behind into two elongate, lateral,
acute spines ; the anterior tibiae and tarsi and the apical joints of the
intermediate and posterior tarsi, ferruginous. Abdomen : oval, mar-
gined, emarginate in front and very delicately reticulate.

Var. a. minor. The scape, apical joint of the flagellum, the margin of
the head before the eyes and the legs, ferruginous.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

This species somewhat resembles the C. Taprobanae, but is different in
sculpture and form.

Gen. Meranoplus, Smith.

1. Meranoplus castaneus. M. castaneo-rufus; capite thoraceque
subrugosis ; metathorace bispinoso; pedunculi nodo secundo spina
postice armato.

82 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

Female. Length 3 3/4 lines. Chestnut-red; the flagellum obscurely red;
the teeth of the mandibles and the eyes black ; the head and thorax
above longitudinally strigose, the head more finely so, both sparingly
covered with scattered erect fine pale hairs; the scutellum rugose;
the metathorax with a stout acute short spine on each side at its base;
the central portion of the truncation shining and finely striated longi-
tudinally; the legs with scattered pale hairs, the femora dark red
towards their base. The nodes of the peduncle of the abdomen
rugose; the first, viewed laterally, wedge-shaped; the second sub-
quadrate, the posterior margin produced into an acute spine; the
second node is produced into an angular tooth or process at its base,
and both are sprinkled with long erect hairs. Abdomen ovate, finely
punctured, and thinly sprinkled with long pale hairs, most thickly
covered towards the apex.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

2.  Meranoplus cordatus. M. castaneo-rufus; thorace quadrispi-
noso; abdomine cordato.                   

Worker. Length 2 lines. Chestnut-red; the head and thorax palest;
the head very delicately reticulated ; the eyes small and black, placed
at the sides of the head backwards near the vertex ; the clypeus widely
truncate in front. Thorax : punctured, the anterior margin somewhat
transverse, slightly produced and rounded in the middle, the lateral
angles acute; the sides rounded and narrowed to the base of the
metathorax; the posterior margin transverse; at the angles are long
acute spines, with a second shorter spine before them; the truncated
vertical portion of the metathorax has on each side about the middle
of the lateral margins a short acute spine. Abdomen : the first node,
viewed laterally, is wedge-shaped, the second somewhat quadrate, its
posterior margin above produced into an acute spine; the upper mar-
gin of the first node, truncate ; the abdomen heart-shaped, acute at
the apex; the entire insect sprinkled with erect pale hairs.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

This is probably the worker of M. castaneus.

3.  Meranoplus mucronatus, M. capite, thorace pedibusque fer-
rugineis; abdomine nigro; thorace quadrato; angulis singulis spina
acuta armatis.

Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. The head and thorax ferruginous ; the ab-
domen black; the head coarsely rugose, narrowed before the eyes and
widely emarginate in front; the eyes prominent, behind them the
margins are widened slightly to half the distance between them and
the posterior angles of the head, towards which the margins are nar-
rowed ; the head sprinkled with a few long erect reddish hairs. Tho-
rax : quadrate, rugose, with the angles produced into four very long,
stout, acute spines; the hinder margin with two short blunt teeth or
spines in the middle, with two minute ones beyond them placed some-

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                   83

what obliquely; the metathorax with two long, rather slender, very
acute spines; the thorax and legs thinly sprinkled with very long
ferruginous hairs ; the abdomen sprinkled with long erect ferruginous
hairs, the nodes rugose.

Var. a. The femora rufo-fuscous.

Hab. Malacca (Mount Ophir).

To this species Mr. Wallace attached a ticket, upon which he had
written " House Ant:" but I have not obtained any further information.

Fam. MUTILLIDAE.

Gen. Mutilla, Linn.

1.  Mutilla blanda, Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. iii. p. 32.
Hab. Malacca (Mount Ophir). India.

2.  Mutilla repraesentans, Smith, Cat. Hym. iii. p. 35.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). Malacca. India.

3.  Mutilla Deidamia. M. nigra; scapo, mandibulis, thorace, pedibus
abdominisque segmento basali rubris.

Female. Length 3 - 4 lines. Head black; the scape, palpi and mandi-
bles, ferruginous, tips of the latter black; the flagellum ferruginous
towards the apex beneath. Thorax : elongate-quadrate, slightly
widened behind, above rugose, the lateral margins crenulated; sprinkled
with reddish-brown pubescence ; the legs ferruginous, thinly sprinkled
with a mixture of reddish and of glittering white hairs. Abdomen :
black, the basal segment red; three ovate spots of silvery white pu-
bescence placed transversely towards the base of the second segment,
and a broad fascia of the same at the base of the third segment; at
the base, apex and beneath, a scattered glittering white pubescence,

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

4.   Mutilla Urania. M. capite thoraceque sanguineis; abdomine
nigro, basi segmenti secundi macula ovata, fasciaque segmenti tertii,
flavescenti-albis.

Female. Length 6 1/2 lines. Head and thorax blood-red and coarsely
rugose; the mandibles and antennae black; the flagellum obscurely
red beneath. Thorax : the legs black and covered with glittering
yellowish-white pubescence. Abdomen : longitudinally rugose, a re-
versed heart-shaped spot at the base of the second segment, and the
third covered with yellowish-white pubescence; a triangular black
spot at the base of the third segment in the middle; beneath, the seg-
ments are fringed with long pale hairs ; the apical margins of the seg-
ments of the abdomen with a sooty-black pubescence.

Male. Length 5 - 5 1/2 lines. This sex has the head nearly, or quite black ;

84 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

the eyes slightly reniform. Thorax red; the wings dark brown with
a purple iridescence, pale towards their base. Abdomen black, smooth
and shining, much narrowed at the base, and subpetiolate; the second
and two following segments fringed with long white pubescence; the
three apical segments fringed with black.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

5.   Mutilla suspiciosa. M. nigra, pubescens; alis fuscis; abdominis
segmentis secundo tertioque rubris.

Male. Length 4-7 lines. Black; the eyes slightly emarginate; the
head covered with a thin silvery-white pubescence, most sparing on
the vertex, which is shining and coarsely punctured. Thorax covered
with a silvery pubescence, densely so on the metathorax; the disk of
the mesothorax shining, with elongate punctures which run into striae;
in the middle are three elongate carinae ; the tegulae large and shining-
black ; the wings dark fuscous, with a purple iridescence. Abdomen
finely punctured; the apical margin of the basal segment, and the
second and third segments, red ; sprinkled with long glittering silvery-
white hairs.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

This species very closely resembles the M. fuscopennis : but I think it is

- sufficiently distinct.

6.  Mutilla gracillima. M. capite abdomineque nigris; thorace
rubra; alis obscure fuscis.

Male. Length 4 lines. Head and abdomen black, the thorax bright
red; head shining, with longitudinal furrows, and a deep channel
before the anterior stemma; the scape, and first joint of the flagellum,
ferruginous ; the pro- and meso-thorax rugose; the metathorax with
large separated punctures; the wings fuscous, subhyaline at their
base; the anterior tibiae and femora, and the intermediate femora,
ferruginous; the calcaria white. Abdomen : the two basal segments
with purple and blue tints; the apical margin of the second segment,
and the third segment, with a broad band of silvery-white pubescence ;
the following segments fringed with black pubescence.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

7. Mutilla familiaris. M. capite abdomineque nigris; thorace
rubro; abdominis basi subito truncato; abdominis segmenti secundi
basi macula, tertii fascia lata argenteo-pubescentibus.

Female. Length 4 3/4 lines. Head and abdomen black, the former rugose;
the flagellum ferruginous beneath. Thorax ferruginous and oblong-
quadrate ; the disk rugose; the margins crenulated. Abdomen with
elongate confluent punctures ; the basal segment abruptly truncated;
the second segment with a small ovate spot in the middle of its base,
and the third segment covered with short silvery-white pubescence;

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                                  85

beneath, the margins of the segments are fringed with long white

pubescence.
Hab. Singapore.
Although this species bears a very close resemblance to several which

have been described, it is very distinct, and may be readily distinguished

by the abrupt truncation of the basal abdominal segment.

8.  Mutilla Calliope. M. capite nigro; thorace rubro; abdomine
cyaneo, fascia lata argenteo-pubescenti decorato.

Female. Length 3 - 3 1/2 lines. Head black, punctured, the punctures
running into longitudinal striae; the base of the scape, and the tips
of the mandibles, ferruginous. Thorax bright ferruginous, elongate-
quadrate and coarsely rugose; the posterior angles rounded; the an-
terior tibiae and tarsi, and the base of the intermediate and posterior
femora, ferruginous; the legs with a scattered silvery pubescence, that
on the thorax above, ferruginous; the thorax slightly carinated at the
sides. Abdomen dark blue; the apical margin of the second segment,
and the base of the third, with united fasciae of bright silvery pu-
bescence ; the sides and apex of the abdomen with scattered silvery
hairs.

Male. Resembles the female in colour, but has the legs entirely black;
with the apical margin of the second abdominal segment, pale testa-
ceous ; the wings dark brown; the eyes large and ovate.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

9.   Mutilla Proserpina. M. capite abdomineque nigris; thorace
pedibusque rubris; abdominis segmenti secundi basi maculis duabus
ovatis, tertii fasciaque argenteo-pubescentibus.

Female. Length 2-3 lines. Head black; the scape, mandibles and
palpi, ferruginous. Thorax ferruginous, oblong, rounded in front and
behind; rather finely rugose, sprinkled with reddish-brown pubes-
cence, the margins crenulated; the legs ferruginous, with the knees
and tarsi slightly fuscous. Abdomen: the extreme base ferruginous;
the second segment with two ovate spots, and the third with a fascia of
silvery-white pubescence; beneath, and towards the apex above, thinly
sprinkled with long glittering white hairs.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

10.  Mutilla Pandora. M. capite abdomineque nigris; thorace
rubro; abdominis segmento secundo maculis tribus ovatis, tertio fascia
argenteo-pubescenti ornatis.

Female. Length 5 lines. Head black; the scape, flagellum beneath,
except the basal segment, the palpi, and basal half of the mandibles,
ferruginous ; the head coarsely and closely punctured, with scattered
erect black hairs above, and with silvery white ones beneath. Thorax
and legs bright ferruginous, the former oblong-quadrate, coarsely
rugose, the lateral margins crenulated; spinkled with reddish

86 MR. SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

pubescence. Abdomen black, the base ferruginous; covered with
short black pubescence; three ovate spots at the base of the second
segment, a narrow fascia on its apical margin, and a broad one on
that of the following segment, of silvery-white pubescence; beneath,
shining and punctured, the margins of the segments rufo-piceous and
fringed with glittering pale hairs.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

11.  Mutilla Sibylla. M. capite abdomineque nigris; thorace rubro;
abdominis segmenti secundi basi maculis duabus ovatis, fasciaque seg-
menti tertii albo-pubescentibus.

Female. Length 4-6 lines. Black ; the thorax red; a tubercle at the
insertion of each antenna, and the middle of the mandibles, ferru-
ginous ; the vertex with scattered long erect reddish brown hairs; on
the clypeus, mouth and cheeks are some long glittering silvery-white
hairs; the palpi elongate. Thorax: oblong-quadrate, the anterior
margin slightly rounded; the legs with scattered glittering white
hairs; the legs black, with the tarsi obscurely rufo-piceous; the
calcaria pale testaceous. Abdomen : two small ovate spots at the
base of the second segment, and a broad fascia on the apical margin of
the third, of dense, short, silvery-white pubescence; beneath, the
segments shining, and the second with scattered large deep punctures;
the apex of the abdomen with long white pubescence.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

12.  Mutilla Cassiope. M. capite abdomineque nigris; thorace
pedibusque rubris; tibiis tarsisque fuscis; abdominis basi truncata.

Female. Length 3 lines.' Head and abdomen black, the former closely
and strongly punctured; the mandibles, palpi and antennae beneath,
ferruginous; the scape rufo-piceous. Thorax ferruginous; the
anterior margin transverse; slightly and evenly narrowed to the apex
of the metathorax; the lateral margins crenulated; the disc coarsely
rugose; the coxae and femora ferruginous; the tibiae and tarsi fuscous.
Abdomen : the base abruptly truncate; covered with elongate punc-
tures ; the apical margin of the third segment with a fascia of snow-
white pubescence; sprinkled over with long silvery-white hairs.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

13.  Mutilla Dardanus. M. capite abdomineque nigris; thorace
pedeque antico rubris; alis fuscis; abdominis segmentis primo, secundo
tertioque pube alba fasciatis.

Male. Length 6 lines. Head and abdomen black; the thorax red;
the eyes emarginate; the antennae incrassate at the base, tapering to
the apex; a deep longitudinal furrow runs from the insertion of the
antennae to the posterior margin of the vertex, on each side of which
is a similar furrow which terminates before the insertion of the an-
tennae ; the ocelli distinct on the vertex. Thorax: the anterior legs

COLLECTED IN BORNEO, ETC.                              87

ferruginous ; wings brown, and iridescent. Abdomen shining, punc-
tured, and having purple and blue tints in different lights; a narrow
fascia on the apical margin of the first segment and a broader one on
the second and third, of snow-white short dense pubescence; the
margins of the apical segments fringed with long black pubescence.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

14. Mutilla unimaculata. M. capite abdomineque nigris; thorace
ferrugineo ; abdominis segmenti secundi basi macula ovata, seg-
mento tertio fascia lata alba pubescente.

Female. Length 6 lines. Black; the thorax ferruginous, and coarsely
rugose. Head sprinkled with dark brown hairs, eyes large and ovate;
the clypeus and scape with whitish hairs. Thorax oblong-quadrate,
slightly narrowed posteriorly; the disk with short reddish-brown pu-
bescence at the sides; beneath and on the legs it is of a glittering
silvery-white; the metathorax with long thin pale pubescence; an
ovate spot at the base of the second segment, and the third segment
clothed with dense short white pubescence, in the middle at its base,
a triangular black shape ; beneath, the apical margins of the second,
third and fourth segments with white marginal pubescent fasciae.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak).

Gen. Myemosida, Smith.

Head subquadrate; stemmata in a triangle on the vertex; eyes large,
round and lateral; antenna subfiliform, inserted at the base of the
clypeus, not closely approximating; the clypeus triangular; mandibles
triangular. Thorax: longitudinally quadrangular, the sides slightly
rounded ; the posterior margin of the prothorax curvin