lxii PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.
the point of attachment of the muscle and the ventral tube is less
than the length of the tentacle ; but this difficulty is at once
avoided by the presence of a second muscle, which throws the
retracted tentacle into a curve. Moreover, the muscles are already
greatly extended when the tentacle is protruded to its full length,
but must have been much more so if there had only been a single
muscle.
2. " On the Geographical Relations of the Coleoptera of Old
Calabar ; " by Andrew Murray, Esq., F.L.S., Assist. Sec. R. Hort.
Soc.-- (See ' Zoological Proceedings,' vol. vi.)
36 MR. F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS
Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. A. R.
Wallace in the Islands of Ceram, Celebes, Ternate, and Gilolo.
By Frederick Smith, Esq., Assistant in the Zoological De-
partment, British Museum. Communicated by W. W. Saun-
ders, Esq., V.P.L.S., &.c.
[Read June 6, 1861.]
Of the extensive and valuable additions which Mr. Wallace has
made to our knowledge of the geographical distribution of the
various genera of Aculeate Hymenoptera, none are perhaps more
interesting than those contained in the present paper. Two fine
new species of the parasitic genus Thynnus, from Gilolo, are espe-
cially interesting ; this being the extreme limit of the known
northern range of that genus from its metropolis, Australia. I
would also particularly direct attention to a second species of the
genus Methoca from Celebes. This genus, long represented by a
single European species, was supposed to be confined to that
quarter; but during the last few years it has been discovered in
North America, two species being described by Say, and one by
myself, from that country, one species from Cuba, another from
India, and two by Mr. Wallace from the Island of Celebes.
Many fine additions to the Formicidae, as well as to the fossorial
division of the Aculeata, are contained in the present collections,
which are the property of William Wilson Saunders, Esq,
Fam. FORMICIDAE, Leach.
Gen. Formica, Linn.
1. Formica lactaria, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 95. 6.
Hab. Gilolo, Bachian.
2. Formica quadriceps, Proc. Linn. Soc. iv. 137. 9.
Hab. Ceram, Aru.
3. Formica consanguinea. F. capite abdomineque nigro-fuscis ;
antermis, thorace, abdomine, squamula pedibusque ferrugineis.
Worker. Length 3 lines. Head black, with a slight ferruginous tinge
and a prismatic lustre in various lights; before the insertion of the
antennae it is red as well as the mandibles and antennae ; the latter
slender and a little longer than the thorax. The thorax narrow, and
much compressed behind ; and, as well as the legs, of a bright pale
ferruginous. Abdomen ovate, fuscous and thinly sprinkled with pale
hairs; the scale of the peduncle ferruginous, small, narrow, upright,
with the superior margin rounded.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
This is probably the worker minor of F. virulens.
OF CERAM, CELEBES, TERNATE, AND GILOLO. 37
4. Formica circumspecta. F. rufo-picea, antennis pedibusque pal-
lide ferrugineis ; squamula subquadrata, supra emarginata (fœmina).
F. pallide ferruginea, elongata et gracilis ; abdomme rufo-fusco (ope-
raria).
Female. Length 6 1/3 lines. Rufo-piceous, smooth and shining, the
anterior part of the head, its anterior margin, the scutellum and base
of the abdominal segments of a brighter colour ; the antennae, legs,
and scale of the peduncle pale rufo-testaceous; the head oblong,
narrowed anteriorly, transverse behind, and slightly emarginate in the
middle ; the mandibles stout, punctured, and with a row of black
acute teeth on their inner margin ; the head slightly punctured in
front; the scale of the peduncle subquadrate, slightly emarginate
above.
Worker major. 3 1/2 lines. Of a pale ferruginous, with the posterior
portion of the abdomen fuscous ; head oblong, narrowed behind the
eyes ; thorax oblong, narrow, compressed behind ; the scale of the
peduncle small, narrow, with the superior margin rounded above ; the
thorax narrowed anteriorly, forming a sort of neck.
The worker minor is 2 lines in length, more slender than the larger
worker, with the antennae and legs much more elongate, the head
narrowed behind, and the thorax prolonged into a sort of neck when
viewed sideways.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
5. Formica leucophaea. F. nigra, dense cinerea, pilosa; thorace
postice attenuato ; squama oblongo-ovata.
Worker. Length 3 lines. Black and densely covered with a fine silky
cinereous pile ; antennae nearly as long as the body, slender, and
filiform, the flagellum scarcely thickened towards the apex; eyes
rather large and prominent, and situated high on the sides of the
head ; head oblong, narrowed behind the eyes. Thorax oblong,
narrowed and of equal width behind the prothorax ; legs very obscurely
reddish, with the apical joints of the tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen
ovate, the apical margins of the segments testaceous ; the scale of the
peduncle narrow, small, and pointed above.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
6. Formica tropica. F. nigerrima, nitida, laevissima; thorace pu-
bescente, postice compresso ; pedibus rufo-nigris.
Worker. Length 3 1/4 lines. Jet black, smooth, shining, and having a
faint prismatic lustre, particularly on the head/which is oblong, or
subquadrate ; the tips of the mandibles ferruginous. The prothorax
rounded at the sides and in front; a deep constriction at the base of
the metathorax, which is elevated and rounded above ; the thorax has
a loose long pale scanty pubescence, probably much more dense in
specimens in fine condition ; the legs very obscurely ferruginous,
nearly black ; the legs, particularly the tibiae, have a thin long loose
38 MR. F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS
pale pubescence. Abdomen thinly sprinkled with pale hairs ; the
scale of the peduncle rounded and blunt above, not much elevated.
Hab. Gilolo.
7. Formica virulens. F. capite, thorace pedibusque rufo-ferrugi-
neis; abdomine nigro ; squama oblongo-ovata.
Worker. Length 4 lines. Head, antennae, thorax, and legs rufo-ferru-
ginous ; the head very large, much wider than the abdomen, emargi-
nate behind, and rounding at the sides to the tips of the mandibles ;
the latter triangular, stout, and longitudinally striated, their inner
margin dentate. The thorax compressed behind. Abdomen shining,
black, with the margins of the segments ciliated with pale hairs ; the
scale of the petiole oblong-ovate.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
8. Formica (Tapinoma) gibba. F. castaneo-rufa; antennis, tibiis
tarsisque fuscis; metathorace supra rotundato, postice truncato.
Worker. Length 1 3/4 line. Dull chestnut red; the head rounded be-
hind the eyes, the latter ovate, and situated rather more inwards than
is usual, the eyes are also rather large ; the antennae, tibiae, and tarsi
fuscous ; the antennae inserted rather wide apart, nearly in a line with
the inner margins of the eyes. Thorax, sub-rugose above, narrowed
posteriorly, and deeply constricted between the meso- and meta-
thorax ; the latter elevated, rounded above, and truncate behind, the
truncation obliquely concave. Abdomen ovate, produced anteriorly
over the node of the peduncle, which is oblique, and falls into the
truncation of the metathorax.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
This species belongs to Foerster's genus Tapinoma.
9. Formica (Tapinoma) albipes. F. nigra, subnitida, glabra; me-
tathorace dorso abbreviato; squama oblongo-depressa; pedum articulis
tarsisque albis,
Worker. Length 1 1/4 line. Black, slightly shining; the antennae in-
serted widely apart on the front of the head ; the metathorax oblique
behind ; the scale of the peduncle decumbent and hidden beneath the
base of the abdomen, which projects forwards ; the tarsi white.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
Gen. Polyrhachis, Smith *.
1. Polyrhachis hastatus, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. p. 129, pl. 4. fig. 23, [[queen]] .
Hab. Celebes; India.
The specimen from Celebes has the metathoracic spines shorter than
Indian specimens which I have seen, and those on the node of the peduncle
are also rather shorter ; however, in its opake blackness and in every other
particular the insect is identical.
* A figure of the scale of the peduncle of each of the new species described
will be found on Plate I., illustrative of this paper.
OF CERAM, CELEBES, TERNATE, AND GILOLO. 39
2. Polyrhachis bihamatus, Drury, Ins. ii. pl. 38. f. 8, [[worker]] .
Hab. Celebes; Bachian; Sumatra; Borneo; India; Ceram.
3. Polyrhachis Merops, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 98. 9.
Hab. Celebes ; Bachian.
4. Polyrhachis Busiris, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 98. 7, [[queen]] .
Hab. Celebes; Bachian.
5. Polyrhachis bicolor, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pl. 6 (Formicidae), p.
65. 25.
Hab. Ternati ; Burmah.
6. Polyrhachis rugifrons, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 70. 3.
Hab. Ceram ; Makassar.
7. Polyrhachis rufofemoratus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 142. 14.
Hab. Ceram; Aru.
8. Polyrhachis Orsyllus. P. niger, cinereo-sericeo vestitus; thorace
supra deplanato ; spinis duabus acutis antice armato ; squama integra ;
tibiis ferrugineis.
Worker. Length 3 lines. Black and thinly clothed with silky cine-
reous pile ; the extreme apex of the flagellum and the palpi pale rufo-
testaceous. The head and thorax above longitudinally and delicately
striated ; the margins of the thorax acute and slightly raised ; the
spines on the prothorax short, stout, and acute ; the tibiae ferruginous,
the posterior pair rather dusky. Abdomen globose, the node of the
peduncle broad, with its superior margin rounded, not spined. (Pl. I.
fig. 6.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
9. Polyrhachis Mutiliae. P. niger; capite thoraceque cinereo-
sericeo vestitis; abdomine pallide-aureo tectis ; thorace spinis acutis
duabus antice et postice armato ; squama spinis duabus longis curvatis.
Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Black, the head and thorax with a thin
silky cinereous pile, that on the abdomen of a pale golden hue, the
antennae and legs black without pile, and slightly shining. Thorax
convex above, the anterior spines short, slender and acute; the meta-
thoracic spines rather longer but equally slender and acute ; the node
of the peduncle with two long spines which are curved to the shape
of the base of the abdomen ; the latter globose. The thorax flattened
transversely, but curved longitudinally. (Pl. I. fig. 7, and fig. 15 var. ?)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
10. Polyrhachis Olenus. P. niger; thorace supra deplanato, spinis
duabus acutis anterioribus ; squama spinis duabus longis armata ;
corpore aureo-sericeo vestito.
Worker. Length 3 lines. ' Black and clothed with ashy silky pile ; the
palpi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax flattened above, with the lateral
40 MR. F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS
margins raised, armed in front with two divergent flattened acute
spines ; the metathorax truncate, and with the margin at the verge of
the truncation acute and slightly raised; the node of the peduncle
armed with two long acute divergent spines which curve backwards
over the base of the abdomen ; the latter globose. (Pl. I. fig. 8.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
11. Polyrhachis Democles. P. niger, aureo-sericeo vestitus; tho-
race ovato, metathorace spinis duabus brevibus obtusis ; squama spinis
duabus acutis armata. -
Female. Length 3 1/2 lines. Black, covered with golden pubescent pile,
the head and thorax thinly so. The thorax ovate ; the verge of the
truncation of the metathorax notched, the lateral angles forming short
blunt spines ; the node of the peduncle with two acute short spines,
and in the middle of its upper margin with a notch, the angles of
which are slightly elevated, forming two minute teeth or spines ; the
abdomen globose ; the legs black and shining. (Pl. I. fig. 9.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
12. Polyrhachis Valerus. P. capite abdomineque nigris ; thorace,
squama femoribusque rufis ; thorace quadrispinoso ; petioli squamula
bispinosa.
Worker. Length 3 1/4 lines. Black, with the thorax, scale of the petiole,
the coxa;, trochanters and femora ferruginous ; the head opake, the
face with short cinereous pubescence. The thorax with a thin shining
cinereous pile; the spines on the thorax in front short, stout, and acute ;
the metathorax with two long slightly divergent spines directed back-
wards and tipt with black ; the node of the peduncle with two long
acute spines directed backwards over the base of the abdomen, their
apex black. Abdomen globose and covered with silky pile, the ex-
treme base, ferruginous. (Pl. I. fig. 10.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
13. Polyrhachis trispinosus. P. niger, laevis nitidusque; thorace
inermi; petioli squama trispinosa.
Female. Length 4 lines. Jet black, smooth and shining; the antennae
long and slender with the apical half ferruginous; the front of the
head very convex. Thorax ovate, very delicately striated, the striae,
short and irregular, may be called a faint scratching; wings wanting;
the node of the peduncle with three short acute spines above ; the
claws of the tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate and very smooth
and shining. (Pl. I. fig. 11.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
14. Polyrhachis Diaphantus. P. niger et vestitus pube argentea;
thorace quadrispinoso ; petioli squamula bispinosa.
Worker. Length 2 1/3 lines. Black, and densely clothed with silky sil-
very pile ; the flagellum has the tips of the basal joints, and six or
OF CERAM, CELEBES, TERNATE, AND GILOLO. 41
seven of the apical joints entirely ferruginous ; the thorax convex
above, the anterior spines short, stout, and acute ; the metathorax
with two very stout, acute divergent spines ; the node of the petiole
with two long spines very stout, acute, and curving round the base of
the abdomen ; the abdomen globose. The anterior tibiae obscurely
ferruginous, their base black. (Pl. I. fig. 12.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
15. Polyrhachis Amanus. P. niger, laevis, nitidus ; thorace antice
et postice spinis duabus longis acutis armato ; squama spinis duabus
longis curvatis ; femoribus basi pallide ferrugineis.
Worker. Length 3 lines. Jet black, smooth and shining, the thorax
finely roughened and sub-opake ; head very prominent in front, tips
of the mandibles and of the joints of the flagellum, as well as the
palpi, rufo-testaceous, five or six of the apical joints of the flagellum
entirely so. Thorax, the spines in front short, stout, acute, and
curved inwards ; those on the metathorax elongate, extending over the
base of the abdomen and very acute ; the spines on the node of the
peduncle slender, very acute, and curved to the shape of the base of
the abdomen ; legs elongate, obscurely ferruginous, with the coxae,
trochanters, arid base of the femora pale testaceous, the claws of the
tarsi testaceous. Abdomen globose, highly polished and impunctate.
(Pl. I. fig. 13.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
16. Polyrhachis Cleophanes. P. niger, pube argentea vestitus;
capite thoraceque rude punctatis, spinis acutis antice et postice armatis;
petioli squamula bispinosa ; femoribus basi ferrugineis.
Worker. Length 3 1/4 lines. Black, the abdomen shining; head and
thorax coarsely and closely punctured, rugose, and covered with sil-
very pubescent pile ; the prominence on the front of the head, under
the sides of which the antennae are inserted, very much elevated ; the
eyes very prominent; the spines on the thorax in front short, diver-
gent, stout, and acute ; those on the metathorax more slender, acute,
and curved backwards ; the node of the peduncle with acute spines,
which curve backwards over the base of the abdomen ; the base of
the femora more or less ferruginous, sometimes totally black. (Pl. I.
fig. 14.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
This is very probably the worker of P. Vibidia.
17. Polyrhachis exasperatus. P. niger, capite thoraceque rude
punctatis, abdomine nitido ; thorace antice et postice spinis duabus
longis acutis armato; squama spinis duabus longis curvatis acutis
armata; pedibus obscure ferrugineis.
Worker. Length 2 3/4 lines. Black ; the head anteriorly, the mandibles
and flagellum obscure ferruginous ; the head, thorax, and node of the
42 MR. F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS
peduncle very coarsely and closely punctured, producing a rugged
surface. The thorax, with two short stout acute spines bent inwards,
the metathorax with two long divergent acute spines ; the peduncle
with two long acute spines, which curve to the shape of the base of
the abdomen ; the legs ferruginous, more or less obscurely so. The
abdomen globose, smooth, and shining. (Pl. I. fig. 15, and 16 var.)
Hah. Celebes (Tondano).
18. Polyrhachis Vibidia. P. niger, capite thoraceque rude punc-
tatis ; thorace ovato, antice posticeque abdomimsque squama spinis
duabus acutis armatis ; abdomine ovato.
Female. Length 3 1/2 lines. Black ; the head and thorax with large
deep punctures ; the head with a large prominence in front, the lateral
margins of which are expanded into elevated flat scales, beneath which
the antennae are inserted, the extreme tip of the latter pale rufo-
testaceous; the eyes very prominent. Thorax ovate, with a short
stout spine on each side in front; the metathorax with two stout acute
spines, rather longer than the front ones; the node of the peduncle
with two short divergent acute spines ; the tibiae and femora ferrugi-
nous, the apex of the latter and base of the former dusky or black ;
the claws of the tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen globose, smooth and
shining ; the entire insect thinly covered with cinereous pubescent
pile. (Pl. I. fig. 17.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
19. Polyrhachis Chaonia. P. niger, pube pallide aurea vestitus ;
thorace bidentata ; petioli squamula bidentata ; femoribus tibiisque fer-
rugineis; alis fusco-hyalinis.
Female. Length 4 lines. Black, and clothed with a cinereous pubes-
cence, which has a pale golden lustre, particularly on the head and
thorax ; that on the abdomen is more inclining to grey, but has a
golden tint in some lights ; the mandibles black. Thorax armed in
front with two short acute spines ; the legs ferruginous, with the tarsi
black ; wings fusco-hyaline, nervures testaceous. Abdomen globose ;
the scale of the peduncle with two short stout spines. (Pl. I.
fig. 18.)
Hab. Gilolo.
20. Polyrhachis Numeria, P. niger; thorace supra deplanato,
spinis duabus anterioribus ; abdominis squamula spinis duabus erectis
acutis, utraque ad basin minute unispinulosa.
Worker. Length 3 lines. Black, and covered with silky cinereous pile ;
the thorax flattened above, and slightly curved longitudinally to the
verge of the truncation of the metathorax, the spines on the pro-
thorax stout, short and acute; the margins of the thorax slightly
raised. Abdomen globose, truncate at the base : the node of the pe-
duncle broad, transverse above with an erect spine at each lateral
OF CERAM, CELEBES, TERNATE, AND GILOLO. 43
angle, and, a shorter acute spine outside at their base. (Pl. I,
fig. 19.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
21. Polyrhachis Hippomanes. P. niger ; capite thoraceque opacis ;
abdomine nitido ; thorace spinis duabus longis acutis postice armato ;
squama spinis duabus longis curvatis armata.
Worker. Length 2 1/4 lines. Black, the head and thorax opake, and
obscurely tinged with blue. Thorax rounded above, the anterior margin
unarmed ; the metathorax with two long divergent spines ; the node
of the peduncle with two similar spines, which are curved and extend
over the base of the abdomen ; the trochanters and the intermediate
and posterior coxae pale rufo-testaceous; the legs elongate. The
abdomen globose. (PL I. fig. 20.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
22. Polyrhachis Lycidas. P. niger, pubescens ; thorace supra de-
planata, spinis duabus anterioribus ; petioli squamula quadrispinosa.
Worker. Length 4 lines. Black with a thin silky cinereous pile, and
sprinkled over with erect pale pubescence, which covers the antennae
and legs also ; the extreme tip of the antenna; pale rufo-testaceous,
the palpi of the same colour; the head and thorax longitudinally
striated ; the prothorax with two stout acute spines ; the margins of
the thorax slightly elevated and extremely acute at the angles of the
truncation of the metathorax, sub-dentate ; the node of the peduncle
with four acute spines. Abdomen globose, with the base truncate.
(PL I. fig. 21.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
23. Polyrhachis Zopyrus. P. niger; prothorace bispinoso; petioli
squamula quadrispinosa.
Worker. Length 2 3/4 lines. Black, with a thin cinereous silky pile.
Thorax, the anterior margin transverse, with the lateral angles very
acute, and slightly produced into short acute spines ; the sides of the
thorax flat, the disk slightly convex, with the margins acute and
slightly raised ; the metathorax truncate, the angles of the truncation
slightly produced, forming short acute spines; the anterior tibiae more
or less ferruginous within. Abdomen globose, the node of the peduncle
with the superior margin transverse, the lateral angles raised into short
acute teeth or spines ; the sides of the node oblique outwardly, then
abruptly inclined inwards to its base ; at the angle thus produced is a
short acute spine. (PL I. fig. 22.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
24. Polyrhachis Eurytus. P. niger cinereo-sericeo vestitus ; tho-
race subovato, spinis duabus antice armato ; squama emarginata.
Female. Length 3 3/4 lines. Black, and covered with silvery grey pile,
which is most dense on the face, metathorax, and abdomen. Thorax
44 MR. F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS
sub-ovate, the metathorax truncate with the margin of the truncation
acute ; the prothorax with two short acute spines. Abdomen globose ;
the node of the peduncle widely emarginate above and subdentate at
the angles. (Pl. I. fig. 23.)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
Gen. Odontomachus, Latr.
1. Odontomachus rixosus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 64. 1.
Hab. Ternati ; Singapore.
2. Odontomachus saevissimus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 102. 1.
Hab. Menado ; Bachian ; Ceram.
3. Odontomachus tyrannicus. 0. ferrugineus, laevis nitidus ;
thorace oblongo, metathorace transversus striata ; abdominis pedun-
culo unispinoso.
Worker. Length 4 lines to the tips of the inaudibles. Ferruginous,
very smooth and shining ; the head widest at the insertion of the eyes,
more than usually so ; the usual deep depressions between the eyes
and the prominence at the sides of which the antennae are inserted
very smooth without the faintest striation, the prominence slightly
striated longitudinally ; the head deeply emarginate behind ; the man-
dibles finely serrated on their inner margins, and terminating in two
stout teeth, which form a fork abruptly bent inwards. The antennae
and legs of a paler colour than the body ; the metathorax transversely
striated, the mesothorax above longitudinally so ; the spine on the node
of the peduncle of the abdomen short and acute. (Pl. I. fig. 4.)
Hab. Celebes.
Fam. PONERIDAE, Smith.
Gen. Ponera, Latr.
1. Ponera rugosa, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 66. 5.
Hai. Celebes; Borneo.
2. Ponera parallela, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iv. 143. 3.
Hab. Celebes; Aru.
3. Ponera laeviceps, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 69. 13 [[worker]] .
Hab. Celebes ; Bachian ; Borneo.
4. Ponera maligna. P. capite subquadrato, margine posteriore trans-
verso ; thorace abdomineque laevigatis, nitidis ; mandibulis, antennis
tarsisque pallide ferrugineis.
Female. Length 5 1/2 lines. Jet-black, smooth and shining ; the poste-
rior margin of the head transverse, with the lateral angles acute ; the
clypeus elevated; the head is sprinkled with distant punctures ; its
anterior margin, the mandibles, and antennae ferruginous ; the man-
dibles porrect, with two or three teeth at their apex and a larger one
on their inner margin about one-third of their length from their apex.
OF CERAM, CELEBES, TERNATE, AND GILOLO. 45
Thorax oblong-ovate, with a few large scattered shallow punctures ;
the articulations of the legs and the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen
deeply constricted between the first and second segment, the apex
rufo-testaceous ; the node of the peduncle incrassate, subquadrate,
rather widest behind ; the entire insect is sprinkled with pale hairs,
which are most dense on the abdomen, particularly at its apex.
Worker. This sex is rather smaller than the female, is less pubescent,
and with fewer punctures; the metathorax narrower than the pro-
thorax, and obtuse behind : the eyes are smaller, and, like those of the
female, placed forwards at the sides of the head ; the mandibles are
similarly toothed ; the colouring does not differ.
Hab. Celebes ; Menado.
5. Ponera nitida. P. pallide ferruginea, laevis et nitida; margine
mandibularum bidentato.
Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Pale ferruginous, very smooth and shining ;
the eyes small, round, and placed forwards at the sides of the head ;
the mandibles porrect, with two stout short teeth on their inner margin.
Thorax, with the sides flattened, above slightly convex ; the metatho-
rax oblong-quadrate above. The node of the peduncle quadrate and
incrassate, as wide as the metathorax ; the abdomen is constricted be-
tween the first and second segments, and has a few pale scattered hairs.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
6. Ponera mutabilis. P. ferruginea, laevis, nitida, chalybea, viri-
descens ; abdomine rufo-fusco.
Worker. Length 3 1/4 lines. Ferruginous; the head and thorax with
tints of blue in certain lights ; the mandibles longitudinally and finely
striated, armed with three teeth at their apex, and a fourth on their
inner margin a little way within ; the eyes ovate and placed forwards
at the sides of the head. Thorax compressed posteriorly ; the scale
of the peduncle flattened, rather thick, with its superior margin
rounded. Abdomen slightly fuscous ; the apical margin of the basal
segment slightly constricted.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
This species resembles the P. viridescens from Sarawak, but is at once
distinguished from it by its much shorter and thicker antennae.
Gen. ECTATOMMA, Smith.
1. Ectatomma rugosa, Smith, Proc. Linn, Soc. iii. 143. 1.
Hab. Ceram ; Aru.
Fam. MYRMICIDAE, Smith.
Gen. Myrmica, Latr.
1. Myrmica molesta, Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. i. 293. 6. (Myrmica
domestica, Shuck. Mag. Nat. Hist. p. 268.)
Hab. Menado; Celebes; Britain; France; Brazil; North America.
46 MR. F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS
2. Myrmica pedestris. M. fusco-nigra ; capite thoraceque longitu-
dinaliter striatis ; antennis pedibusque ferrugineus : abdomine laevi,
nitidissimo.
Female. Length 3 lines. Nigro-fuscous ; the head and thorax longitu-
dinally striated, the striae formed of rows of confluent punctures, the
punctures finer on the head than on the thorax ; the antennae, anterior
margin of the head and the mandibles ferruginous, the legs ferrugi-
nous. The thorax transverse anteriorly; a narrow smooth shining
impunctate line runs down the middle ; the metathorax unarmed.
Abdomen oblong-ovate, smooth, shining, and delicately punctured ; the
nodes of the peduncle smooth and impunctate, the first oblong, the
second globose.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
3. Myrmica ruficeps. M. fusco-nigra; capite ferrugineo et longi-
tudinaliter striato, thorace supra striata ; abdomine laevi, nitidissimo.
Female. Length 4 lines. Black, the head red with a space behind the
insertion of the antennae regularly striated longitudinally, extending
to the posterior margin ; on each side of the striation the head is ru-
gose ; the mandibles stout, smooth and shining, with their inner mar-
gin black, smooth, and edentate ; flagellum 12-jointed, the club 3-
jointed. Thorax, the disk longitudinally striated, the scutellum
smooth and shining, with a few transverse striae behind ; the meta-
thorax with two short stout teeth ; the tarsi and articulations of the
legs pale rufo-testaceous. The petiole of the abdomen ferruginous,
the nodes black, the first globose, the second transverse. Abdomen
ovate, black, smooth, and shining.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
4. Myrmica fuscipennis. M. ferruginea; capite thoraceque pro-
funde punctatis ; alis nigro-fuscis.
Female. Length 3 lines. Ferruginous, the head and thorax covered
with large oblong punctures, the punctures occasionally confluent ;
the mandibles finely striated longitudinally, their inner margin fur-
nished with a row of small black teeth ; the joints of the antennae,
except the three apical ones, transverse ; the apical joint longest, but
not forming a club. Thorax, the metathorax with two short acute
teeth ; wings dark fuscous. Abdomen very smooth and shining, and
much paler than the head and thorax.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
5. Myrmica pertinax. M. rufo-fusca, nitida, sparse pilosa ; capite
longitudinaliter striate ; metathorace mutico.
Worker. Length 1 1/2 - 2 lines. Rufo-fuscous, the head darker than the
the body ; the anterior portion of the head and the antennae bright
rufo-ferruginous. The thorax smooth and shining, with a few fine
punctures, the base and apex of the femora pale in some of the
larger and darker examples ; the abdomen pale at the base, the ex-
OF CERAM, CELEBES, TERNATE, AND GILOLO. 47
treme apex pale and pubescent. Smaller specimens are usually paler
than large ones.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
6. Myrmica vexator. M. pallide flavo-testacea, laevis, nitidissima ;
abdomine apice fusco-nigro.
Worker. Length 1 line. Honey-yellow, very smooth and shining ; the
flagellum slightly fuscous towards the apex ; the eyes small and placed
forwards at the sides of the head ; the metathorax not spined ; the
abdomen fuscous with the base pale.
Hab. Ternati.
This species resembles the House-ant, M. molesta; but it differs in
several particulars from that species ; its head is much larger, and it is
entirely smooth and shining.
7. Myrmica insolens. M. testaceo-ferruginea, sparse pilosa ; capite
thoraceque longitudinaliter striatim rugosis ; metathorace spinis parvis
acutis armato.
Worker. Length 1 3/4 line. Pale ferruginous ; the head and thorax
longitudinally, irregularly and roughly striated ; the eyes and ocelli
black ; the antenna with three joints in the club ; the metathorax
with two straight acute spines, which are situated at the sides of the
truncation of the metathorax ; the abdomen smooth and shining.
Hab. Menado.
8. Myrmica opaca. M. nigra, opaca, delicatule scabrosa; pedibus
rufo-fuscis, tarsis pallide testaceis.
Worker. Length 2 lines. Opake-black, the head, thorax and nodes of the
peduncle finely scabrous, on the head having a tendency to run into
lines ; behind the eyes is a longitudinal groove, apparently for the
reception of the scape of the antennae ; the antennae obscurely ferru-
ginous with the tip pale ; the mandibles ferruginous, striated and
with several black teeth on their inner margin. Thorax armed pos-
teriorly with two stout curved spines ; the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous.
The nodes of the peduncle large and globose; the abdomen thinly
sprinkled with erect white setae.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
Gen. Cerapachys, Smith.
1. Cerapachys antennatus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 74. 1.
Hab. Celebes; Borneo.
Gen. Crematogaster, Lund.
1. Crematogaster ampullaris. C. rufo-niger ; capite thorace mul-
tum latiore ; parte postica thoracis dilatata ; abdomine cordata.
Worker. Length 2 lines. Obscure fusco-ferruginous; the antennae,
sides of the head, the nodes of the petiole, and the legs of a brighter
48 MR. F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS
red ; the head much wider than the thorax and more shining ; the
metathorax much swollen and wider than the prothorax, swelling out
on each side. Abdomen, heart-shaped, palest at the base and shining.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
The swollen metathorax in this species, I apprehend, is a receptacle for
saccharine fluid ; on each side is a small orifice, and beneath it, adhering to
the thorax, are particles of crystallized masses, apparently formed of the
fluid which has exuded from the receptacle. Two species from Sarawak,
having similar formations, are described in the second volume of the ' Pro-
ceedings of the Linnean Society.
Fam. ATTIDAE. Smith.
Gen. Solenopsis, Westw.
1. Solenopsis cephalotes, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 149. 1.
Hab. Celebes ; Aru.
The worker major of this species has the head greatly enlarged, that of
the worker minor being of the ordinary size.
2. Solenopsis laboriosa. S. ferruginea: capite maximo, longi-
tudinahter striato, postice transverso-striato; spinis metathoracis minu-
tissimis.
Worker major. Length 3 lines. Dark ferruginous, with the legs pale ;
rufo-testaceous ; the head very large, twice as wide as the abdomen,
in front and at the sides roughly striated, posteriorly delicately striated ;
the sides of the head very slightly rounded, emarginate behind with a
central impressed line running forwards and terminating opposite the
eyes ; the eyes very small and placed at the sides a little beyond the
middle ; the vertex smooth and shining, with a few scattered fine
punctures. Thorax sub-rugose, convex anteriorly and shining, behind
constricted and narrowed; the metathorax with two short, erect, acute
spines. Abdomen smooth, shining and slightly pubescent. The
mandibles have a single tooth at their apex.
Worker minor. Length 1-2 lines. This form is of a much paler colour,
the larger individuals having the abdomen fuscous, except at the ex-
treme base ; in the smaller examples it is only fuscous at the apex ; in
large individuals the head is slightly striated in front, in small ones it
is entirely smooth and shining ; the head much smaller in proportion
than in the worker major ; the mandibles with two or three teeth on
their inner margin.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
The different-sized workers were taken from the nest by Mr. Wallace.
3. Solenopsis pungens. S. ferruginea ; capite maxime longitudinaliter
striato ; abdomine fusco (operaria major) : rufo-testacea, laevis, tota
nitidissima nuda flagellis pedibusque pallescentibus {operaria minor).
Worker. Length 2 lines. Ferruginous, the flagellum and legs pale
ferruginous ; the mandibles stout, finely punctured and with two
OF CERAM, CELEBES, TERNATE, AND GILOLO. 49
teeth at their apex ; the head very large, longitudinally striated, and
with a longitudinal channel behind the scape of the antennae appa-
rently for their reception ; the eyes small, inserted forwards at the
sides of the head. The metathorax, with two minute spines ; the legs
pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen fuscous, smooth and shining.
Worker minor. Length 1 line. Rufo-testaceous, the antennae, thorax,
and legs pale testaceous; the head of the ordinary size; entirely
smooth and shining.
Hab. Menado.
Gen. Pheidole, Westw.
1. Pheidole megacephala, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 112. 5.
Mr. Wallace has sent a series of workers of this species collected from
the nest. These contain, as it were, three modifications of the enormously
large-headed individuals ; all of these have heads similar in form, subqua-
drate, longitudinally striated anteriorly, and transversely so behind ; these
I should call varieties of the worker major ; the worker minor has the head
subovate in form, smooth, polished and shining ; not striated behind, and
very faintly so anteriorly. The links which would unite these two distinct
forms of the working ants are wanting. I am therefore still of opinion
that societies of ants generally possess two distinct sets of workers whose
functions are totally different; this is known to be the case in slave-making
communities, and also in the remarkable genus Eciton, of which only the
workers are known.
2. Pheidole plagiaria (Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 112. 3).
Hab. Celebes; Bachian.
The specimens from Celebes are of a darker hue than those received
from Bachian ; this is the ant which Mr. Wallace saw carrying off white
ants to its formicarium.
Gen. Typhlatta, Smith.
1. Typhlatta laeviceps, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 79. 1.
This remarkable genus of ants, the workers of which are destitute of
eyes, is in my opinion closely allied to the genus Eciton, one or two species
of which are also blind ; the present species is very like the Eciton pachy-
cerus of my Catalogue of Formicidae, which is also blind. That species was
collected by General Hardwick, and formed part of his collection, which he
presented to the British Museum ; I have little doubt it was captured in
India, although South America (?) is given as its probable habitat. This
genus differs from Eciton in having only two joints to the labral palpi ; the
maxillary palpi I have not succeeded in extracting.
Fam. CRYPTOCERIDAE, Smith.
Gen. Cataulacus.
1. Cataulacus flagitiosus. C. niger; capite striato, angulis posticis
LINN. PROC..—ZOOLOGY. 4
50 ME. F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS
spinosis ; thorace spinis duabus acutis elongatis armato ; abdomine
cordato.
Worker. Length 2 1/2 lines. Opake-black ; the head and thorax above,
with a coarse irregular striation, intermixed with a rough granulation,
the margins of the head crenulated, the posterior angles acute and
slightly produced. Thorax armed posteriorly with two stout diverging
spines. Abdomen oblong-cordate, finely and irregularly striated;
sprinkled with distant short white erect setae ; the nodes of the pe-
duncle rugose.
Hab, Celebes (Tondano).
Gen. Echinopla, Smith.
1. Echinopla striata, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 80. 3.
Hab. Celebes ; Malacca.
2. Echinopla pallipes, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 80. 2.
Hab. Celebes ; Borneo.
3. Echinopla dubitata. E. nigra; capite thoraceque rugosis; ab-
domine ovato laevi nitido; squama in utroque latere spina horizontali ;
femoribus pallide testaceus.
Worker. Length 2 lines. Black, and thinly covered with erect black
hairs ; the head and thorax rather finely rugose ; the antennae pubes-
cent, with the extreme tip pale testaceous ; the eyes round and very
prominent. The anterior margin of the prothorax arched with a short
acute spine at the lateral angles ; the thorax is deeply constricted in
the middle, the metathorax rounded behind; the roughness of the
thorax gives its margins a crenulated appearance ; the coxae, trochan-
ters, and base of the femora pale rufo-testaceous ; the claw-joint of
the tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen globose, shining, and very finely
punctured.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
Fam. MUTILLIDAE, Leach.
Gen. Mutilla.
1. Mutilla Merops, Smith, Supp. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 115. 2.
Hab. Gilolo; Bachian.
2. Mutilla anthylia, Smith, Supp. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 115. 4.
Hab. Gilolo; Bachian.
3. Mutilla Ianthea, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 115. 3.
Hab. Amboyna; Bachian.
Gen. Methoca, Latr.
1. Methoca thoracica. M. rufo-ferruginea; capite abdominisque
fasciis tribus nigris.
OF CERAM, CELEBES, TERNATE, AND GILOLO. 51
Female. Length 4 lines. Rufo-ferruginous ; the head black, the abdo-
men with three black fasciae, very smooth and shining ; the mandibles,
clypeus, and antennae ferruginous. (Pl. I. fig. 5. [[queen]] .)
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
This very beautiful insect may probably be a very large, highly coloured
form of if. insularis, described in a previous paper ; but not having any
intermediate in size, I have thought it advisable to describe it as a distinct
species.
Fam. THYNNIDAE, Erich.
Gen. Thynnus.
1. Thynnus atratus. T. niger, punctulatus ; alis anticis fuseo-mgris,
apice hyalinis, posticis hyalinis, basi late fuseo-nigris.
Female. Length 12 lines. Black and closely punctured; the head and
thorax slightly shining, the thorax very shining, and not so strongly
and closely punctured as the thorax; the anterior margin of the
clypeus widely and slightly emarginate. The wings very dark brown,
shining, and with their apical margins, and the posterior margin of
the hind wings hyaline ; the legs black with short cinereous pubes-
cence within.
Hab. Gilolo.
This fine species of Thynnus is of the same form, and about the same
size, as Guérin's T. Shuckardi; it is the second species that has to my know-
ledge been captured in the Eastern Archipelago ; the first species was
described in the paper descriptive of the insects of Bachian, &c, published
in the supplement to the fifth volume of the ' Proceedings.'
2. Thynnus (Agriomyia) vagans. T. niger, capite thoraceque
flavo variegatus, abdominis segmentis maculis duabus flavis ; alis sub-
hyalinis.
Male. Length 6 1/2 lines. Black, the head and thorax subopake, the
abdomen shining; the mandibles, clypeus and a V-shaped mark above
yellow ; the base of the clypeus and an anchor-shaped mark in the
middle black. Thorax, the collar, posterior margin of the prothorax,
a spot on the tegulae, two beneath the wings, a minute one on the
mesothorax, three on the scutellum, and one on each side of the meta-
thorax yellow ; the anterior tibiae and the intermediate pair in front
ferruginous ; the wings subhyaline, the nervures black. The abdomen
has an oblong yellow spot at the sides of all the segments except the
two apical ones.
Female. Length 4 lines. Apterous ; black, the head small, transverse
in front, much narrowed behind, with a deep longitudinal sulcation on
each side close to the margin of the eyes. The thorax narrow and
oblong. Abdomen oblong-ovate, very large, with four deep transverse
grooves on the second segment. (Pl. I. fig. 1 [[male]], 2 [[queen]] .)
Hab. Gilolo.
4*
66 MR. S. J. A. SALTER ON THE
2. Agathis striata. A. flavo-rufa, antennis nigris, abdomine ni-
tido, longitudinaliter striato; alis flavo-hyalinis, dimidio apicali fusco.
Female. Length 7 lines. Reddish yellow; the head triangular; the
face pale ; the antennae black, with the scape yellow ; the basal
joints of the flagellum obscurely fulvous beneath ; thorax smooth
and shining ; the basal half of the wings yellow hyaline, the apical
half dark brown, with a minute hyaline spot below the stigma in the
middle of the wing. Abdomen : the three basal segments and the
base of the fourth evenly striated longitudinally.
Hab. Gilolo.
Gen. Cenocœlius, Haliday.
1. Cenocoelius cephalotes, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 65. 1.
Hab. Gilolo ; Celebes.
Fam. TENTHREDINIDAE, Leach.
Gen. Cladomacra, Smith.
1. Cladomacra macropus, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1860, vi. 257.
Hab. Celebes (Tondano).
ERRATA.
Several changes in the numbering of the objects that illustrate this paper
having been made since the first sheet was printed, the following corrections of
the references must be attended to. The numbers refer to figures of the scale
of the abdomen of the different species.
Figs. 6 and 7, Polyrhachis Orsyllus. Fig. 21, P. Hippomanes.
Figs. 12 and 12a, P. Diaphantus. Fig. 23, P. Lycidas.
Figs. 15 and 20, P. Mutiliae. Fig. 24, P. Eurytus.
Fig. 16, P. exasperatus. Fig. 25, P. Numeria.
On the Cranial Characters of the Snake-Rat, new to the British
Fauna. By S. James A. Salter, M.B., F.L.S., F.G.S.
[Read April 7th, 1859.]
The Society will doubtless recollect that last year* I exhibited at
one of our meetings two living rats, one of which I believed to
be new to the British Fauna—at least, new so far as that till then
it had been unrecognized and undescribed as distinct. The other
was a specimen of the old English Black Rat (Mus rattus) ; and
this was shown, not on its own account, but for contrast and com-
parison. And I selected the Black Rat for this comparison because
it so much more closely resembles the new one than does the
* May 6th, 1858.
CRANIAL CHARACTERS OF THE SNAKE-RAT. 67
Brown Rat (Mus decumanus), which is quite different. If there-
fore the new rat is a mere variety of either of the two species
which have been long known as members of the British mamma-
lian fauna, and which have always been considered specifically
distinct, it must be deemed a variety of Mus rattus ; but I claim
for it distinctive characters separating it from that rat, quite as
marked as those which distinguish the Brown from the old English
Black Rat. Indeed Mus decumanus more nearly resembles Mus
rattus than does the new rat. It was suggested to me, at the
time I exhibited the living specimens, that an appeal must be
made to the cranial characters of each, before the distinctness and
the degree of distinctness between the two could be established.
The result of this investigation I now give to the Society.
On the table are the skulls of the identical rats that were for-
merly exhibited — two adult males ; and I have also some enlarged
outline drawings (from which the accompanying woodcuts were
taken) showing the salient peculiarities of each cranium. The
Top view of Cranium of Snake-Rat. Top view of Cranium of Mus rattus.
Enlarged two diameters. Enlarged two diameters.
5*
Journ. Linn. Soc. Vol. VI. Pl. 1
Drawn & Engraved by F. Smith